New Movement on the Rules and Principles of the Responsibility for the Crimes against International Law: State Responsibility, Individual Responsibility, and Corporate Responsiblity

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This study compared the international responsibility of a State, individual, and company, for the crimes against international law. State responsibility and individual responsibility and corporate responsibility are each dealt in the different sphere, namely, international law of State responsibility, international criminal or humanitarian law, and international economic law, respectively. Accordingly, rules and principles to be applied as well as the judicial forums for pursuing the responsibility differ for each actor. However, it is a practical fact that these responsibilities may arises in the same situation, for instance, in the case of aggression, and etc. It is observed that the State responsibility and individual responsibility are not in exclusive relations to each other, and although there are some cases where one is pursued in place of the other, the State and individual responsibility can co-exist at the same time.