Commonalities and differences between the cognitive processes of letters and those of other visual stimuli

在(1)双眼竞争范式（Abe et al.,2011）和(2)快速信息提取范式（Corvett et al.,2006）中，研究了字母认知过程与其他视觉刺激认知过程的共性和差异。在(1)中，先前出现的刺激（假名、汉字或人脸）抑制调节了开始竞争的感知，观察者在高概率上看到了之前没有出现的刺激。这种强大的基于刺激的调制效应与在某些适当条件下使用颜色或光栅时发现的基于眼睛的调制效应形成对比。在(2)中，我们使用了多种有意义和/或无意义的视觉符号，发现符号的意义和熟悉度是实现快速信息提取的有效因素。这些发现为进一步评价低视觉过程在有意义符号认知中的作用提供了有希望的研究方向。

Commonalities and differences between the cognitive processes of letters and those of other visual stimuli were investigated in (1) binocular onset rivalry paradigm(Abe et al.,2011) and (2)Rapid information extraction paradigm(Corvett et al.,2006). In (1), the previously presented stimulus (kana, kanji or human face) inhibitory modulated the percept in onset rivalry and observers saw in high probability the stimulus which was not presented previously. This robust stimulus-based modulation effect was contrasted with the eye-based modulation effect that was found in some appropriate conditions when color or grating was used. In (2), we used varieties of meaningful and/or nonsense visual symbols and found that the effective factors to make rapid information extraction possible were the meaningfulness and familiarity of symbols. These findings suggested promising directions of future research to evaluate the contribution of the low visual processes in meaningful symbol cognition.