Interaction between visual-motor coordination and higher-order cognitive processes

我们在其他地方提出了一种假设，认为人类的认知过程可以分为两个过程，即知觉过程和高阶认知过程。知觉过程的早期部分与随后的知觉-运动协调有关，它们共同构成稳定的知觉世界的基础。更高层次的认知活动，如阅读，是建立在由此产生的知觉世界之上的。为了验证这一假设，我们考察了知觉、认知和行为功能在倒置视觉下的适应性变化。两名男学生连续12天佩戴护目镜，每只眼睛的视野绕视线旋转180ﾟ。受试者接受了阅读和一些动作的测试，如书写、眼球运动、用食指触摸视觉目标等。他们还测试了几种知觉适应，例如双眼立体视的变化。此外，我们还检查了正常视力下的触摸行为。结果表明，早期的知觉加工和知觉-运动加工能迅速适应倒置视野。但受试者报告说，整个视觉世界和视觉字母总是看起来是颠倒的。这些结果支持这一假说，并表明视觉转换主要影响早期知觉和知觉-运动过程。

We have proposed elsewhere a hypothesis that human cognitive process can be devided into two processes, i.e., perceptual and higher-order cognitive processes. Early parts of the perceptual processes are related to subsequent perceptual-motor coordination, and together they are basis for the stable perceptual world. The higher-order cognitive ones, e.g., reading, are based on the resulting perceptual world. To test the hypothesis, we examined adaptive changes of perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral functions under inverted vision. Two male students wore goggles continuously for 12 days which rotated the visual field of each eye 180ﾟ around the line of sight. The subjects were tested on reading and some actions, i.e., writing, eye movements, touching visual targets with the forefinger, and so on. They were also tested on several kinds of perceptual adaptation, e.g., changes of binocular stereopsis. In addition, we examined the touching behavior under normal vision. It was shown that the early perceptual and perceptual-motor processes rapidly adapted to the inverted visual field. But the subjects reported that the whole visual world and visual letters always appeared inverted. These results support the hypothesis and indicate that visual transformation primalily affects the early perceptual and perceptual-motor processes.