Evolution of coordinated regulation of microRNAs and transcription factors

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A method to identify the evolutionary period of origin of human microRNAs (miRNAs) was established based on the genome synteny information. Applying the method to the genomes of 43 species estimated the period of origin for each of 1433 human miRNAs. Based on the estimation, the categories of transcription factors significantly associated with the evolutionary periods of origin of human miRNAs were specified. Furthermore, the rate at which human miRNAs originated was shown to have two peaks at the early phase of mammalian evolution and at the initial phase hominoid evolution, suggesting the effects of the two periods on the human transcriptom.