Origin and evolution of freshwater amphidromy: Suggestion of a new migration type

在对仅有的温带水母亚科水母的生态研究中，我们发现幼虫通过黑潮扩散，幼虫依赖于海洋的生长，缺乏内陆或河流的形式。它们的幼虫在海洋中的分散和在河流中的生活史特征对该物种的温带分布起到了作用。热带地区的水母幼虫阶段可能需要所有物种都出现在海洋中，但温带地区的阿鱼、石首鱼和银河类幼虫具有内陆或河流形式的幼虫，不需要进入海洋摄食和生长幼虫。这表明西洋参幼虫具有较高的海洋依赖性，而Ayu、Sculins和Galaxiid幼虫对海洋的依赖性较低。热带和温带地区的淡水两栖鱼类在其生活史的演变中似乎发展了两种不同的策略。

During ecological research of Sicyopterus japonicus, which is the only temperate species of the subfamily Sicydiinae, we found larval dispersion by Kuroshio Current, an essential larval dependence on growth in the ocean, and a lack of landlocked or fluvial forms. Their larval dispersion in the ocean and life history characteristics in the river has played a role in the temperate distribution of this species. The Sicydiine larval stage in tropical areas may be required to occur in the ocean for all species, but ayu, sculpins and galaxiids in temperate areas have landlocked or fluvial forms with larvae that do not need to enter the ocean for larval feeding and growth. This suggests that Sicydiine larvae have a high oceanic dependency, whereas ayu, sculpins and galaxiid larvae have a low oceanic dependency. Freshwater amphidromous fish in tropical and temperate areas appear to have developed two different strategies in the evolution of their life histories.