The roles of glycolipids in nociception and analgesia.

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Gangliside GT1b produced nociceptive behavior and hyperalgesia in low-dose formalin tests. Antagonist studies and microdialysis in plantar tissues suggested that the subcutaneous glutamate levels and glutamate receptor activation play important roles in GT1b induced hyperalgesia. According to these results, we investigated weather GT1b produces heat/cold hyperalgesia, or mechanical allodynia. GT1b induced mechanical allodynia but not heat/cold hyperalgesia. In addition, GT1b increase glutamate levels in dorsal root ganglia neuron derived cell culture supernatants. Taken together, these findings suggest the hyperalgesic effects of GT1b is dependent on nociceptive stimuli and GT1b increase extracellular glutamate levels in cell cultures as well as subcutaneous tissues of mice.