Removal of copper from wood waste treated with copper-containing wood preservative

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Copper-sulfate treated wood was cultivated with copper tolerant wood-rotting basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris and Antrodia xanta, separately. At 2 weeks, when weight loss of the wood has not been observed, oxalate secreted from fungi precipitated copper oxalate complex, moolooite, on interface between the wood block surface and the fungal mycelia colonized on it. Removal of moolooite together with the colonized mycelia, 42.9% (F. palustris) and 34.7% (A. xantha) of copper was removed. Furthermore, the mycelia of F. palustris were shown to transport copper from wood specimens to a place far from the wood block. On the other hand, an oxalate biosynthetic pathway in F. palustris was assessed based on amounts of gene transcripts encoding two oxalate-producing enzymes: oxaloacetase acetylhydrolase (FpOAH) and glyoxylate dehydrogenase (FpGLOXDH). FpOAH was found to be mainly responsible for oxalate biosynthesis in this fungus.