Novel roles of transporters and adherent molecules of epithelial membrane in the recognition of bacteria

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Competence and sporulation factor and polyphosphate were identified as bioactive molecules from the conditioned media of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus brevis SB88, respectively. These molecules improved the intestinal injury through their transport by OCTN2 and binding to integrin 1, respectively. The novel communication systems between the host and bacteria are distinct from the mechanisms mediated by pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors and NODs. These results are therefore expected to positively contribute to the development of new drugs for the treatment of intestinal inflammation using bacteria-derived molecules.