Dynamic status of bacterial products transported by OCTNs or MDR-1 in normal and inflamed intestinal epithelia

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The mammalian intestines maintain intestinal homeostasis by monitoring the intestinal condition through the recognition of the status of commensal bacteria. However, the mechanisms underlying the host-bacterial interaction are insufficiently understood. The present study proposes novel systems to sense bacterial-derived effecters through epithelial membrane transporters and integrins. This investigation demonstrated that a Lactobacillus brevis SBC88-derived effector was recognized through its binding with epithelial integrins, while a Bacillus subtilis-derived effector, competence and sporulation factor (CSF), was taken up by a membrane transporter, OCTN2. Conversely, the up-taken CSF was partially excreted by MDR-1, but most of the CSF in the cytoplasm was though to have been released by other mechanisms. Taken together, the recognition system for intestinal bacteria appears to be regulated by many molecules, including OCTNs, MDRs and integrins.