Study of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms by endothelial cells in persistent periapical periodontitis

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The aim of this study was to determine the function of midkine and iNOS inhibitor to endothelial cells in periapical granulomas. Midkine, iNOS and CXCL1 protein and mRNA expression in 69 periapical granulomas were detected, although healthy gingival tissues did not show those expressions. LPS was extracted from Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is known as potent periodontopathic bacteria. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with the LPS. Stimulated HUVEC showed iNOS, midkine and CXCL1 protein and mRNA expression, but not after the application of iNOS inhibitor. The data are consistent with a hypothesis suggesting that endothelial cells in periapical granulomas express both iNOS and midkine, and these molecules may contribute tissue remodeling.