Open geospatial data at the intersection of digital commoning, digital humanitarianism, and digital capitalism: Transformations and tensions in OpenStreetMap

该项目位于数字地理学领域，采用科学与技术研究（STS）的方法，研究开放地理空间数据、数字公共空间和志愿地理信息领域的转变和紧张关系。它分析了商业平台和人道主义行动者日益增长的作用，以及在开放街道地图（OSM）中引入新的社会技术实践（如机器学习）的相关内容。OSM在很大程度上依赖于当地制图员社区的自愿参与，在这种背景下，这些发展对地理空间数据具有重大影响，无论是在内容方面，还是在创建和管理地理空间数据的实践方面。随着OSM地理空间数据被集成到越来越多的服务中，这些影响与远远超出OSM的更广泛的服务相关。这使得有必要将OSM研究置于数字资本主义和数字人道主义的更大的社会经济和社会技术背景下。该研究项目的前提是，OSM的精神作为一个建立在地方知识和数字共同实践基础上的项目，与另一方面对机构参与者的远程和采掘者实践的关注之间存在紧张关系。OSM社区内的非殖民化和女权主义声音特别表达了这些担忧，并提出了关于映射的力量以及参与、复调和数据主权等组织问题的问题。该研究项目有三个目标：1数据：分析OSM中地理知识的生产和使用的变化。O2参与者：跟踪OSM中不同参与者组之间的交互、交叉和冲突。O3治理：在数字共同、数字人道主义和数字资本主义的交叉点审视OSM不断变化的治理。这些目标将通过两个互补的案例研究来实现。第一项研究侧重于OSM中主要机构参与者（商业参与者，如Meta和微软，新成立的Overture Maps Foundation以及人道主义OSM团队）的战略和政策。特别令人感兴趣的是这些机构参与者和OSM社区中心参与者之间的关系、冲突和紧张关系。第二个案例研究探讨了地方测绘社区与地方一级机构行动者之间的实际互动。它以菲律宾为重点，在这个网站上，当地的地图绘制者社区与数字平台资本主义和人道主义部门的行动者和概念进行互动、交叉和斗争。

Situated in digital geography and employing methodologies of Science & Technology Studies (STS), this project examines transformations and tensions in the field of open geospatial data, digital commons, and volunteered geographic information. It analyzes the growing role of com-mercial platforms and humanitarian actors as well as the related introduction of new socio-technical practices such as machine learning in OpenStreetMap (OSM). In the context of OSM that relies heavily on the voluntary engagement of local communities of mappers, these deve-lopments have significant implications for geospatial data, both in terms of content and in terms of the practices of creating and governing it. As OSM geospatial data is integrated into more and more services, these implications are relevant to a broader range of services that extend well beyond OSM. This makes it necessary to situate research on OSM within the larger socio-economic and socio-technical contexts of digital capitalism and digital humanitarianism. The research project starts from the premise that there is a tension between OSM’s ethos as a project that builds on local knowledge and practices of digital commoning on the one hand and the concerns about remote and extractivist practices of institutional actors on the other. These concerns are articulated particularly by decolonial and feminist voices within the OSM community and raise questions about the power of mapping as well as organizational issues of participation, polyphony, and data sovereignty. The research project has three objectives: O1 Data: Analyzing the changing production and use of geographic knowledge in OSM. O2 Actors: Tracing interactions, intersections, and conflicts between the different groups of actors in OSM. O3 Governance: Examining the changing governance of OSM at the intersection between digital commoning, digital humanitarianism, and digital capitalism. These objectives will be addressed through two complementary case studies. The first study focuses on the strategies and policies of major institutional actors in OSM (commercial actors such as Meta and Microsoft, the newly formed Overture Maps Foundation as well as the Humanitarian OSM Team). Of particular interest are the relationships, conflicts, and tensions between these institutional actors and central actors in the OSM community. The second case study explores the practical interactions between local mapping communities and institutional actors at a local level. It focuses on the Philippines, a site where local communities of mappers interact, intersect, and struggle with actors and concepts of digital platform capitalism and the humanitarian sector.