Function of cortico-basal ganglia loops underlying locomotor control in monkeys: for further understanding pathophysiology of gait disturbances in humans.

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To further understand function of cortico-basal ganglia loops underlying the control of Bp gait in humans, we recorded single-unit activity from primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area during locomotor movements of an unrestrained monkey. The results suggest that each of these cortical areas carries a distinct aspect in the locomotor control; primary motor cortex for the step-by-step modulation of on-going rhythmic activity in hind-limb muscles and supplementary motor area for the control of truncal posture or coordinated movements of trunk and limbs. These cortical functions could be much more significant in the precise control of Bp gait in humans and be provided as a neural basis for pathophysiology of frontal gait disorders.