Conflict between British plant hunters' expeditions and commercialism in the British Empire: Building the cultural interaction studies in search of rare plants

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Plant hunters/collectors in Britain, who owned various kinds of botanical and horticultural knowledge, had played an important role in diffusing rare or useful plants/crops into Britain and her colonies. The core centers were the Kew Gardens in suburban London and botanic gardens in British colonies such as Calcutta. Sir J. Banks and W. Hooker, both of them were noble men, contributed much to collect and research these plants as well as establishing landscape gardens in Britain.Plant hunters engaged in collecting rare or useful temperate and/or tropical plants in South Africa, India, China and Oceania had played a significant part in expanding the British Empire after the 18th century. Additionally they brought great economic profit to both Britain and her colonies.