Charge separation of photo-excited electric charge carriers and its interaction with internal electric filed induced by crystalline polarity

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Characterization of surface electronic structure of oxide crystal was investigated by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface of specimen was well polished to obtain damage free surface by chemical mechanical polishing using colloidal silica nano-particles. As a result, we obtained the trace of specific electronic states originated in the polarity of crystal and identification of the electronic states by using density functional theory calculation has been done. Deposition of polarity controlled crystals was also demonstrated.