Formation of Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles in Supercritical CO2

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We describe the dispersion and surface modification techniques of nanoparticles using ultrasonic irradiation in high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2). Shock waves generated by collapsing cavitation bubbles induced with ultrasonic irradiation accelerated the deagglomeration and dispersion of nanoparticles in high-pressure CO2. ZnO nanoparticle quantum dots (QDs)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites are synthesized by conventional radical polymerization in the presence of 3(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (TPM) and high-pressure CO2. The transparent polymeric hybrid films of ZnO nanoparticle QDs and PMMA are obtained. Use of the silica-coated ZnO-nanoparticle QDs with biotin in cell-labeling applications was attempted.