Mechanisms and roles of spatio-temporal dynamics of SAPKs signaling in determining cell fates.

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(1)Subcellular distribution of stress-activated protein kinase activities were determined by imaging analysis using fluorescent protein-based kinase activity sensors. (2) I found SAPKs are activated either in the cytoplasm or near plasma membrane depending on the type of stresses applied. (3)By manipulating subcellular-localized SAPK activity using inducible protein dimerization system, I found that cell death was induced only when sustained SAPK activity was induced in cytoplasm, while induction of transient SAPK activity resulted in no obvious cell death and showed only slight change in plasma membrane dynamics (membrane brebbing and shape of cell edge). Our data suggest that SAPK mediated signal can determine cell fates depending on the spatial or temporal dynamics of SAPK activity inside cells.