Critical Analysis of the Legislation Regulating Donor Insemination

鉴于对辅助生殖技术（ART）的需求不断增长，迫切需要在日本制定规范ART的立法。从子女“最大利益”的角度出发，废除配子捐献者匿名、赋予子女知道其来源的权利的海外司法管辖区越来越多。本研究以澳大利亚维多利亚州为例，分析了规范ART的立法，特别是供体授精，包括后代获得其供体信息的权利，供体获得后代信息的权利，以及单身和女同性恋妇女使用ART的权利。特别强调了1995年《不孕症治疗法》和2008年《辅助生殖治疗法》之间的差异。该法律自2010年1月颁布;对这两项法律的指导原则进行比较分析，可以看出如何保护子女、家庭（父母）和捐赠者的权利。

In the light of a growing demand for assisted reproductive technology (ART), legislation regulating ART in Japan is urgently required. Acting from the perspective of prioritizing an offspring’s “best interests,” overseas jurisdictions which have abolished the anonymity of gamete donors and given offspring the right to know their origin are increasing. Focusing on the case of Victoria, Australia, this study analyzeslegislation regulating ART, especially donor insemination, including offspring’s right to access their donor’s information, a donor’s right to access offspring’s information, and single and lesbian women’s right to use ART. Special emphasis is also put on differences between the Infertility Treatment Act 1995 and the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 2008, enacted from January 2010; a comparative analysis of the guiding principles of both acts shows how the rights of offspring, family (parents) and donor can be protected.