Neuroprotective effects of a water-soluble extract from culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia against transient cerebral ischemia in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

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Diabetes mellitus is known to exacerbate cerebral ischemic injury. In the present study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of oral supplementation of a water-soluble extract from culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (WER) on cerebral injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/Re) in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The diabetic state markedly aggravated MCAO/Re-induced cerebral damage, as assessed by infarct volume. Pretreatment with WER for two weeks significantly suppressed the exacerbation of damage in the brain of diabetic rats. WER also suppressed the production of superoxide radical, activation of HMGB1, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the ischemic penumbra.These results suggest that daily intake of WER attenuates the exacerbation of cerebral ischemic injury in a diabetic state, which may be attributed to anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects via the improvement of augmented oxidative stress in the brain.