Theoretical and experimental study on adaptive basis of sanction.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the adaptive basis of sanctioners (i.e., those who engage in sanctioning). The results of a series of vignette experiments and laboratory experiments showed that the reputation of individual sanctioners differed depending on the method of sanction (punish or reward), while collective sanctioners received positive reputation regardless of the method of sanction. The results also suggested the possibility that the existence of agreement upon the introduction of the collective sanctioning system did not influence the function of the system.