Non-equilibrium electronic states near the Mott insulating phases

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We have found an intrinsic nonlinear conduction phenomenon in the oxide Mott insulator Ca2RuO4. To overcome the difficulty of the Joule heating effect in the nonlinear conduction experiments, we have used a non-contact infrared thermometer. The present results show that an electronic state can be purely changed by an electrical current, which is a typical non-equilibrium variable, leading to a new route to approach the non-equilibrium statistics from the solid-state physics.