Airborne in situ and remote sensing studies on the vertical and areal distribution of microphysical and optical properties of Saharan dust

该提案是关于沙漠尘埃气溶胶辐射效应的联合SAMUM（撒哈拉矿物尘埃实验）努力的一部分。主要研究目标是激光雷达气溶胶消光源区上空沙漠尘埃气溶胶的清晰辐射闭合柱，气溶胶消光来自颗粒大小、形状和成分，长距离传输过程中老化和混合过程对撒哈拉尘埃微物理、光学和辐射特性的影响，以及验证来自空间传感器的气溶胶产品，如SCIAMACHY和MERIS在ENVISAT上的气溶胶光学厚度和ESSP 3/CALIPSO的激光雷达后向散射剖面。这些调查使用了对自由对流层尘埃层的空中原位和遥感研究。部署的机载平台将配备3波长DIAL，这是世界领先的仪器类型和广泛的现场气溶胶仪器之一。将测量气溶胶后向散射剖面、消光系数、作为颗粒非球面性测量的退偏振比、直径为0.004 µm至100 µm的颗粒尺寸分布、颗粒折射率、混合状态、化学成分和散射相函数。该提议对SAMUM的主要活动-气柱闭合实验和沙漠尘埃远距离迁移实验-作出了重大贡献。这些活动将与ESSP 3/CALIPSO的运作同时进行。

The proposal is part of the joined SAMUM (SAharan Mineral dUst ExperiMent) effort on radiative effects of desert dust aerosols. Main research objectives are a clear-column radiative closure for desert dust aerosol over a source region of aerosol extinction from lidar with aerosol extinction from particle size, shape and composition, the impact of aging and mixing processes during long-range transport on microphysical, optical and radiative properties of Saharan dust, and the validation of aerosol products from spaceborne sensors as aerosol optical thickness from SCIAMACHY and MERIS on ENVISAT and lidar backscatter profiles from ESSP 3/CALIPSO. The investigations use airborne in situ and remote sensing studies of dust layers in the free troposphere. The deployed airborne platform will be equipped with 3-wavelength DIAL, which is ohne of the world leading instruments of that type and an extensive in situ aerosol instrumentation. Aerosol backscatter profiles, extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio as a measure for particle asphericity, particle size distributions from 0.004 µm to 100 µm in diameter, particle refractive index, mixing state, chemical composition, and scattering phase function will be measured. The proposal contributes significantly to the column closure experiment and to the long-range transport experiment on desert dust, which are the major activities within SAMUM. The activities will take place parallel to the operation of ESSP 3/CALIPSO.