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睡眠が認知機能の柔軟性および情動の調節に与える影響の解明

阐明睡眠对认知灵活性和情绪调节的影响

基本信息

批准号：
14F04762
负责人：
ラザルスミハエル
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2014-04-25 至 2017-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14F04762/
关键词：
sleep appetite apetite

项目摘要

Human sleep proceeds in cycles. A greater amount of deep sleep is prevalent earlier in the night, while the proportion of REM sleep increases in the two cycles prior to natural awakening. It is not well understood what role REM sleep loss plays in affecting areas of the brain that control the desire to consume unhealthy foods. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a role in judging the palatability of foods through taste, smell and texture. Moreover, persons who are obese tend to have increased activity in the PFC when exposed to high calorie foods. However, the precise role of the PFC in mediating reward responses to highly palatable foods (HPF) after REM sleep deprivation is unclear. We selectively reduced REM sleep in mice over a 25-48 hr period and chemogenetically inhibited the medial PFC (mPFC) by using an altered glutamate-gated and ivermectin-gated chloride channel that facilitated neuronal inhibition through hyperpolarizing infected neurons. HPF consumption was measured while the mPFC was inactivated and REM sleep loss was induced. We found that REM sleep loss increased HPF consumption compared to control animals. However, mPFC inactivation reversed the effect of REM sleep loss on sucrose consumption without affecting fat consumption. Our findings provide, for the first time, a causal link between REM sleep, mPFC function and HPF consumption. In other words, the medial prefrontal cortex may play a direct role in controlling our desire to consume weight promoting foods, high in sucrose content, when we are lacking sleep, especially REM sleep.

人类的睡眠是循环进行的。夜间较早阶段普遍存在大量深度睡眠，而快速眼动睡眠的比例在自然觉醒前的两个周期中有所增加。目前尚不清楚快速眼动睡眠缺失对大脑控制不健康食物欲望的区域有何影响。前额皮质（PFC）通过味道、气味和质地来判断食物的适口性。此外，肥胖者在接触高热量食物时，PFC 的活动往往会增加。然而，PFC 在调节 REM 睡眠剥夺后对高美味食物 (HPF) 的奖赏反应中的确切作用尚不清楚。我们在 25-48 小时内选择性地减少小鼠的快速眼动睡眠，并通过使用改变的谷氨酸门控和伊维菌素门控氯离子通道，通过超极化受感染的神经元促进神经元抑制，以化学遗传学方式抑制内侧 PFC (mPFC)。在 mPFC 失活并诱导 REM 睡眠丧失时测量 HPF 消耗。我们发现，与对照组动物相比，快速眼动睡眠缺失增加了 HPF 消耗。然而，mPFC 失活逆转了 REM 睡眠不足对蔗糖消耗的影响，而不影响脂肪消耗。我们的研究结果首次提供了 REM 睡眠、mPFC 功能和 HPF 消耗之间的因果关系。换句话说，当我们缺乏睡眠，尤其是快速眼动睡眠时，内侧前额叶皮层可能在控制我们食用富含蔗糖的减肥食品的欲望方面发挥直接作用。