Response of flow systems in soils to extreme atmosperical boundary conditions

水分和水流模式对生态系统土壤室中养分和污染物的物质运输和空间分布至关重要。土壤结构、非线性物质函数的空间变异性和上边界条件的动态性是流道形成的关键因素。在森林土壤中，有机O层、润湿性和石质似乎在控制入渗模式和优先流形成方面起着重要作用。极端大气边界条件对流型产生的影响、相关的土壤化学效应和流动系统可能发生的变化是本文研究的重点。实验分别在实验室、剖面和样地比例尺进行。在中央田间操作试验的背景下，利用时间序列分析、地质统计学和方差分析研究了土壤水分和拒水性的动态变化和模式。此外，还确定了相关的物理和化学参数。采用确定性过程模型WHNWIN对野外样地进行通量量化，并对操纵实验进行模型辅助解释。通过现场示踪实验，利用图像分析和VIS-NIR光谱研究了有机O层和疏水性对优先流形成的作用。实地研究辅以计算机控制的柱和实验室的批量实验。采用逆建模方法进行参数和工艺辨识。

Moisture and flow patterns are of utmost importance for matter transport and spatial distribution of nutrients and pollutants in the soil compartment of ecosystems. Soil structure, spatial variation of nonlinear material functions, and dynamics of upper boundary conditions are key factors of flow path formation. In forest soils, organic O - horizons, wettability and stones seem to play a prominent role in controlling infiltration patterns and preferential flow formation. The impact of extreme atmospheric boundary conditions on flow pattern generation, associated soil chemical effects and a possible change of flow systems make up the focus of the proposed research. Experiments are conducted at the laboratory, profile and plot scale. In the context of the central field manipulation experiments changes in dynamics and patterns of soil moisture and water repellency are investigated using time series analysis, geostatistics and analysis of variance. In addition associated physical and chemical parameters are determined. The deterministic process model WHNWIN is used for flux quantification of field plots and model aided interpretation of the manipulation experiments. The role of organic O- horizons and water repellency for preferential flow formation is studied in field tracer experiments by image analysis and VIS-NIR spectroscopy. Field studies are complemented by computer controlled column and batch experiments in the laboratory. Inverse modelling is applied for parameter and process identification.