Transnational Political Practices of Migrants in Germany: Study of transnational activities from Polish and Turkish Immigrants in Germany

作为国际移徙的结果，一般移徙者，但也包括宗教、族裔和少数民族成员，经常在民族国家领土和社区之外建立密切和相对持续的交流关系。在欧洲移民基金会倡议范围内关于德国的这一特别项目，以土耳其和波兰移民为例，重点关注移民的政治做法。人们对越境政治活动的强度、广泛性和持久性知之甚少。对跨国政治对自由民主国家的影响的研究甚至更少。因此，首先，必须具体说明发生跨国政治做法的机会结构。其次，重要的是要调查跨国政治行为的类型、形式和对象。第三，需要提出这样一个问题，即这种移徙政治做法如何融入地方或国家背景。对不同类型的跨国政治做法有充分的了解，有助于对跨国化和移民融合之间的关系作出经验性的明智判断。

As a consequence of international migration, migrants in general, but also members of religious, ethnic and national minorities, frequently establish intense and relatively continuous exchange relations beyond the territories and communities of nation states. This particular project on Germany within the ESF initiative focuses an political practices of migrants, taking as examples Turkish and Polish immigrants. Not much is known about the intensity, extensity and durability of border-crossing political activities. And even less research has been devoted to the implications of transnational politics for liberal democratic states. First, therefore, it is imperative to specify the opportunity structures in which transnational political practices occur. Second, it is important to inquire into the types, forms and addressees transnational political behaviour takes. Third, the question needs to be raised how such migrant political practices are embedded into local or national contexts. Substantial knowledge about the different kinds of transnational political practices can be helpful to take empirical informed judgements on the relationhip between transnationalization and immigrant integration.