Effects of land use, dispersal and dead wood on the trophic ecology, community structure and reproductive mode of oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari)

土地利用、扩散和枯木对甲螨（Oribatida、Acari）营养生态、群落结构和繁殖方式的影响

• 批准号: 60904769
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Mark Maraun
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Tierökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/60904769?language=en
• 关键词: Effects; land; use; dispersal; dead

The factors and processes that affect animal communities are little understood. Theoretically, animal communities are either predictable and structured mainly by niche processes or randomly assembled and structured by stochastic processes (neutral theories). For aboveground arthropod communities, microorganisms and for tropical plant communities these processes are well investigated. In contrast, the structuring forces of animal communities living in soil are little studied and poorly understood. The DFG project Biodiversity Exploratories provides an excellent framework for advancing the understanding of the factors responsible for assembling soil animal communities. A perfect model group for studying the structuring forces for soil animal communities are oribatid mites. They are very abundant and diverse soil animals. Land-use is one of the main factors affecting terrestrial ecosystems. Humans started to modify terrestrial ecosystems since about 10,000 years; however, the greatest changes occurred in the last 150 years due to intensified agriculture and mechanized logging of forest. Overall, more than half of the earth surface is altered by human activities. Since land-use will remain a main driver of animal communities in temperate forests and since land use is likely to interact with global warming it is of eminent importance to better understand soil animal communities and the factors affecting their assemblage. This is the main aim of the proposed project. More specifically, we investigate (1) long-term decomposition of dead wood along a forest land-use gradient. Our hypothesis is: Oribatid mite communities on the bark of dead wood are affected by forest land-use intensity but also by the local communities of the Schorfheide, Schwäbische Alb and Hainich (environmental filtering vs. niche hypothesis). The communities will change over time with environmental filtering getting more important. Second (2) we ask: Which factors structure oribatid mite assemblages in soil and litter by using the method of Community Phylogenetics. We posit that oribatid mite communities are mainly structured by abiotic factors and by trophic niches that are available (niche hypothesis). Third (3) we investigate the long-term temporal dynamics of oribatid mites of the 25 forest core study sites of the Biodiversity Exploratories along a land-use gradient. We hypothesize that Land-use intensity little affects oribatid mite community dynamics in the long term since oribatid mite communities are rather indifferent with regard to forest type/land-use intensity, and are known to be rather constant and predictable over long time periods. Finally (4) we investigate the resilience of oribatid mite communities as affected by forest land-use intensity. We hypothesize that the recovery of oribatid mite communities is faster in natural forest systems such as natural beech forests as compared with heavily managed forest ecosystems such as coniferous forests.

影响动物群落的因素和过程知之甚少。从理论上讲，动物群落要么是可预测的，主要由生态位过程构成，要么是随机组装的，由随机过程构成（中性理论）。对于地上节肢动物群落，微生物和热带植物群落，这些过程进行了很好的研究。相比之下，生活在土壤中的动物群落的结构力量很少被研究和了解。DFG项目生物多样性探索提供了一个很好的框架，以促进对组装土壤动物群落的因素的理解。甲螨是研究土壤动物群落结构力的一个理想模式类群。它们是非常丰富和多样的土壤动物。土地利用是影响陆地生态系统的主要因素之一。人类从大约1万年开始改变陆地生态系统;然而，最大的变化发生在过去的150年里，这是由于集约化的农业和机械化的森林砍伐。总的来说，地球表面有一半以上被人类活动改变。由于土地利用仍将是温带森林动物群落的主要驱动力，而且土地利用可能与全球变暖相互作用，因此更好地了解土壤动物群落及其影响其组合的因素至关重要。这是拟议项目的主要目标。更具体地说，我们调查（1）长期分解的枯木沿着森林土地利用梯度。我们的假设是：枯木树皮上的甲螨群落受到森林土地利用强度的影响，但也受到Schorfheide、Schwäbische Alb和Hainich当地社区的影响（环境过滤与生态位假设）。随着时间的推移，社区将发生变化，环境过滤变得越来越重要。第二（2）我们问：用群落系统学方法分析土壤和凋落物中甲螨群落结构是由哪些因素决定的。我们认为甲螨群落的结构主要是由非生物因素和营养生态位（生态位假说）。第三，研究了生物多样性考察站25个样点沿着土地利用梯度的甲螨长期动态。我们假设，土地利用强度影响甲螨群落动态在长期内，因为甲螨群落是相当冷漠的森林类型/土地利用强度，并被称为是相当恒定和可预测的，在很长一段时间。（4）研究了森林土地利用强度对甲螨群落恢复力的影响。我们推测，甲螨群落的恢复速度更快，在天然林系统，如天然山毛榉林相比，高度管理的森林生态系统，如针叶林。