Mechanisms of mitotic spindle alignment by cytoplasmic microtubules and cell shape in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

粟酒裂殖酵母细胞质微管和细胞形状有丝分裂纺锤体排列的机制

• 批准号: 61969951
• 负责人: Professorin Iva Marija Tolic, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut Ruder Boskovic (RBI)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/61969951?language=en
• 关键词: Mechanisms; mitotic; spindle; alignment; cytoplasmic

The mitotic spindle is a molecular machine made of microtubules and motor proteins, which segregates chromosomes into daughter cells during cell division. In all eukaryotic cells, spindle position and alignment with respect to the cell division plane is important for a successful segregation of the chromosomes. The main goal of this project is to understand the mechanisms that align the spindle with the cell axis. We use the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model cell because it has only up to 10 microtubules, a simple cylindrical cell shape, and highly developed genetics. We have recently shown that interphase microtubules are required for the alignment of early fission yeast spindles, and that astral microtubules exert pushing forces on late spindles. The specific aims of the proposed project are: 1) to decipher the molecular mechanism of early spindle alignment by interphase microtubules, 2) to identify the contribution of astral microtubules to spindle alignment, and 3) to uncover the role of cell shape in spindle alignment. The principles discovered in this project should be applicable to studies of microtubule organization and mitotic spindle positioning in higher eukaryotic cells.

有丝分裂纺锤体是一种由微管和马达蛋白组成的分子机器，在细胞分裂期间将染色体分离到子细胞中。在所有真核细胞中，纺锤体的位置和相对于细胞分裂平面的排列对于成功分离染色体是重要的。这个项目的主要目标是了解纺锤体与细胞轴对齐的机制。我们使用裂殖酵母作为模型细胞，因为它只有10个微管，简单的圆柱形细胞形状，以及高度发达的遗传学。我们最近已经证明，间期微管是早期分裂酵母纺锤体排列所必需的，而星体微管对晚期纺锤体施加推动力。该项目的具体目标是：1)破译间期微管早期纺锤体排列的分子机制，2)确定星形微管对纺锤体排列的贡献，3)揭示细胞形状在纺锤体排列中的作用。本项目所发现的原理应适用于高等真核细胞中微管组织和有丝分裂纺锤体定位的研究。