权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The Making of a Tibetan Landscape: Identification of Parameters, Actors and Dynamics of the Kobresia pygmaea pastoral ecosystems - Module 4 and 5: Vegetation dynamics, biomass allocation and water consumption of Kobresia as a function of grazing and envir

西藏景观的形成：嵩草田园生态系统的参数、参与者和动态的识别 - 模块 4 和 5：嵩草的植被动态、生物量分配和耗水量与放牧和环境的关系

基本信息

批准号：
68441838
负责人：
Professor Dr. Christoph Leuschner
金额：
--
依托单位：
International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management (ICTPEM)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2007-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/68441838?language=en
关键词：
Making Tibetan Landscape Identification Parameters

项目摘要

The Kobresia pygmaea pastures are the world's largest 'alpine' ecosystem extending over 450 000km2 in the south-eastern Tibetan highlands; they are subject to rapid land use and climate change. The first 1.5-year phase of the plant ecological project in the Kobresia consortium within TiP gave conclusive evidence that Kobresia pastures at montane elevations are rapidly replaced by other grasslands under grazing exclusion, while high-alpine pastures respond more slowly due to slower growth. Water shortage limits Kobresia growth even in its distribution centre, enhanced by very high evaporative losses as observed in lysimeter measurements. Nutrient (N) shortage seems to be also important. Sexual regeneration is rare in K. pygmaea due to high environmental stresses but also unexpectedly pronounced seed dormancy. Newly established microsatellites allowed DNA-based mapping of potential clones in the field; these are present but seem to cover not more than 0.25 m2. We apply for a continuation of the successful research in order to cover another 3 years of Vegetation monitoring at the Kema core site (and at Lhasa, Reting und Qinghai). Additionally, we want to investigate the consequences of altered rainfall, temperature and N supply experimentally. In a Joint experiment with the soil group, we manipulate rainfall by a specially designed gutter roof construction, and test the interaction of rainfall decrease/increase and N fertilization in its effect on Vegetation composition, productivity and hydrology. The lysimeter study is supplemented by a soil warming and cooling experiment using heat pipes. The consequences of overgrazing will be investigated by a clipping experiment. The data on vegetation composition, productivity and hydrology will be supplemented by population ecological studies. Investigations on the age of pastoralism are continued using vegetation record data, data of grazing indicator pollen types and pollen clumps.

矮嵩草牧场是世界上最大的“高山”生态系统，位于西藏高原东南部，面积超过45万平方公里;它们受到快速土地利用和气候变化的影响。TiP内嵩草联合体植物生态项目的第一个1.5年阶段提供了确凿的证据，表明山地海拔的嵩草牧场迅速被其他禁牧草原取代，而高山牧场由于生长较慢，反应较慢。水分短缺限制了嵩草的生长，即使在其分布中心，通过蒸渗仪测量观察到的非常高的蒸发损失增强。营养素（N）短缺似乎也很重要。有性再生在K. pygmaea由于高环境压力，但也出乎意料地明显的种子休眠。新建立的微卫星允许在该领域的潜在克隆的DNA为基础的映射，这些都存在，但似乎覆盖不超过0.25平方米。我们申请继续进行成功的研究，以便在克玛核心站点（以及拉萨、热亭和青海）进行另外3年的植被监测。此外，我们还想通过实验研究降雨、温度和氮供应变化的后果。在与土壤组的联合试验中，我们通过专门设计的排水沟屋顶结构来操纵降雨，并测试降雨减少/增加和氮肥对其植被组成、生产力和水文的影响。蒸渗仪的研究是补充土壤加热和冷却实验使用热管。过度放牧的后果将通过修剪实验进行研究。关于植被组成、生产力和水文的数据将由人口生态研究加以补充。利用植被记录数据、放牧指示花粉类型和花粉团数据，继续对畜牧业的年龄进行调查。