Establishment of a new extraction method for phytochemicals using the wet stone-mill and non-destructive evaluation method for extract quality based on fluorescence excitation emission matrix

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The new extraction method named the Simultaneous Milling and Extraction Process (SMEP) has been successfully established using the original wet stone-mill. SMEP was successfully optimized with ethanol 70% as the most suitable extraction solvent and 1 loop milling as the most efficient setting. SMEP at its optimal condition demonstrated significantly higher extraction efficiency in terms of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant abilities compared to all comparative extraction methods, even the ultrasonic-based methods with greatly simplified protocol and in shorter time. In addition, the practical usage of SMEP-produced extracts was confirmed with the biochemical assay involving the cancer-related human retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 3 (RALDH3) enzyme inhibition. SMEP-produced extracts were significantly more active than extracts prepared by other methods. Therefore, the practical usability of SMEP in producing spice extracts of high quality and of SMEP-produced extracts has been confirmed. These results of the first and third objectives in the current project led to publication of an original paper (Bui et al., 2022), an Excellent Poster Award in the 69th JSFST Conference and two invited lectures.