The nurses' process of recognizing the demented elderly patients' patterns of verbal and non-verbal expressions

受试者是7名被认为患有痴呆症的老年患者，以及一家城市医院神经科的18名护士。患者包括4名外人和3名男性，年龄从68岁到85岁不等。护士对老年痴呆患者言语和非言语表达方式的认知过程由<a>和<a>两个过程组成，<a>过程由四个部分组成。护士根据患者言语和非言语表达的变化对线索进行强制识别，通过询问患者对线索意义的提问进行推理，并利用其他信息进行确认推理。通过这一过程，护士对病人的把握程度将影响…更多地关注他们为病人的护理做出的决定。许多护士在面对不确定性的情况下试图对老年痴呆患者进行护理。护理过程由四个维度组成：1)确定对指令的反应是护士确定病人对其身体运动指令的反应的维度，2)评估不适是护士评估病人是否存在不适为疼痛的维度，3)&lt；是护士给予病人决策的机会和掌握的维度，4)&lt；是护士给病人提供决策的机会和把握的维度；解读内心体验是护士解读病人可能不真实的内心体验故事的维度，通过观察老年痴呆症患者与护士在日常护理中的互动，护士试图认同的是病人的意志。对于护士来说，询问病人的意愿是与病人互动的主旋律，护士试图确定病人的护理意愿。较少

The subjects were seven elderly patients, who were thought of being demented, and eighteen nurses in an neurological unit in an urban hospital. The patients, who were four wamen and three men, were from sixty-eight to eighty-five years old. The mean of nurses' age was about twenty-nine years old.The nurses' processes of recognizimg the demented elderly patients' patterns of verbal and non-verbal expressions was composed of two processes ; <a shift from uncertainty to certainty> and <a inquire of the patinets' will>.The process of <a shift from uncertainty to certainty> was composed of four comporments. The nurses forcused on the cues which were the changes of the patients' verbal and non-verbal expressions <recognizing cue>, made inference by asking the patients their qeustions about the meaning of cues <clarifying question>, and then confirmed the inference by taking other informations <confirming inference>. Through this proccess, the nurses' certainty of the patients' will influence … More d on their making the decisions for the patients' care. Many nurses tried to lake care of the demented elderly patients in the face of uncertainty.The process of <a inquire of the patient's will> was composed of four dimensions ; 1) <ascertaining response to instruction> was the dimension of the nurses' making sure of the patinets' responses to their instructions of body movements, 2) <appraising discomfort> was the dimension of the nurses' assessing the presence of the patients' discomfort as pain, 3) <grasping decision-making> was the dimension of the nurses giving the chances of and getting hold of the patients' decision-making, 4) <interpretating inner experience> was the dimension of the nurses' interpretating the stories of the patients' inner experiences which might be not reality.By observing the interaction between the demented elderly patients and the nurses in daily care, what the nurses tried to recognize was the patients' will. For the nurses, the inquire of the patinets' will was main theme in interacting with the patients, and the nurses tried to make certainty of the patients' will for their care. Less