PATHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF DIABETIC COMPLICATION OF SPONTANEOUS DIABETIC RAT (WBN/Kob)

1.自发性糖尿病WBN/KOB大鼠自主神经病变以肠系膜神经节轴索营养不良和轴突直径缩小为特征。这些变化类似于人类糖尿病自主神经病变。WBN/KOB大鼠周围运动神经病为节段性脱髓鞘。这些结果证实了WBN/KOB大鼠周围运动神经病的发病机制不同于自主神经病。然而，回肠、结肠、盲肠和迷走神经的轴突增大，没有轴突营养不良。提示糖尿病对回肠、结肠、盲肠和迷走神经的影响较弱。WBN/KOB大鼠的肌肉损伤虽然WBN/KOB大鼠周围神经异常，但肌肉中未见神经源性异常。肌纤维类型的形态计量学分析表明，指长伸肌、股二头肌、比目鱼肌和横隔肌的2a型肌纤维严重萎缩，指长伸肌和横隔肌的2b型肌纤维肥大，股二头肌的1型肌纤维肥大。这些变化与年龄相关的变化不同。这可能是由于糖尿病无氧糖酵解代谢障碍所致。

1. Autonomic nerve lesion of WBN/Kob ratAutonomic nerve lesion of spontaneous diabetic WBN/Kob rats is characterized by axonal dystrophy and miniaturization of axon diameter in mesenteric ganglion. These changes are similar to that of human diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Peripheral motor neuropathy of WBN/Kob rat is segmental demyelination. These findings confirmed pathogenesis of peripheral motor neuropathy in WBN/Kob rat is different from that of autonomic neuropathy. However, axon of ileal, colonic, cecal, and vagus nerve increased in size and have no axonal dystrophy. Therefore, it was indicated the influences of diabetes is weak in ileal, colonic, cecal, and vagus nerve.2. Muscle lesion of WBN/Kob ratDespite peripheral nerve abnormalities in WBN/Kob rats, neurogenic abnormality was not seen in muscles.Morphometric analysis of myofiber size by fiber type indicated severe atrophy of type 2a myofibers in extensor digitorum longus muscle, biceps femoris muscle, soleus muscle and diaphragm, hyperirophy of type 2b myofibers in extensor digitorum longus muscle and diaphragm, and hypertrophy of type 1 myofiber in biceps femoris muscle. These changes diffcrcd from age-dependent changes. It may be caused by the diabetic dysmetabolism of anaerobic glycolysis.