Phylogenetic and evolutionary study of the Erysiphaceae based on rDNA analyses

测定了15属33个白粉病类群的核糖体18S、5.8S、28S rDNA的核苷酸序列和内部转录间隔区，以推测白粉病真菌的系统发育关系。系统发育分析表明，在由所有其他白粉病类群组成的大分支中，隔环菌处于原始基础。白粉病，不包括Unc。塞普塔塔人被分为五大世系。Pseudoidium谱系包括6个属，即Erysiphe、Microsphaera、Uncinula、ununliella、Brasiliomyces和Typhulochaeta，均以多囊闭锁菌和Pseudoidium型畸形为特征。Eudoidium谱系由3种Erysiphe （E.cichoracearun， E.orontii和E.galeopsidis）和mogeotii关节cladiella组成，其特征为多囊闭锁体和euoidium型畸形。内生谱系包括两个Phyllactinia种(Phy。莫尼科拉和菲。以内生或部分内生菌丝体的存在为特征的多为akicola， levelillula taurica和Pleochaeta shiraiana。纤维蛋白谱系包括Sawadaea属、Cystotheca属、Podosphaera属和Sphaerotheca属，它们的分生孢子和分生孢子中都存在发育良好的纤维蛋白体。单子叶系由单一种Blumeria graminis组成，其特点是寄生在单子叶上，特别是寄生在谷类植物上。从几个主要特征讨论了性格极化。长期以来被认为是祖先特征的菌丝体附属物可能是由于收敛而独立发生多次事件的结果而衍生出来的特征。假体型畸形和裂片型胚管被认为是假体型畸形和裂片型胚管的祖先性状。外生性和多囊性闭锁囊也被认为是内生性和单囊性闭锁囊的祖先特征。少

The nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA including 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer regions were determined for 33 powdery mildew taxa spanning 15 genera to infer the phylogenetic relationships for these fungi. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Uncinula septata was placed in the primitive base to the large clade composed of all other powdery mildew taxa. Powdery mildews excluding Unc. septata were split into five major lineages. The Pseudoidium lineage consisted of six genera, i.e., Erysiphe, Microsphaera, Uncinula, Unciunliella, Brasiliomyces, and Typhulochaeta, all of which are characterized by polyascal cleistothecia and Pseudoidium-type anamorph. The Eudoidium lineage consisted of three Erysiphe species (E.cichoracearun, E.orontii and E.galeopsidis) and Arthrocladiella mougeotii, which are characterized by polyascal cleistothecia and Euoidium-type anamorph. The endophytic lineage consisted of two Phyllactinia species (Phy.moricola and Phy.k … More akicola), Leveillula taurica and Pleochaeta shiraiana, which are characterized by the presence of endophytic or partly endophytic mycelia. The fibrosin lineage consisted of the genera Sawadaea, Cystotheca, Podosphaera, and Sphaerotheca, all of which are characterized by the presence of well-developed fibrosin bodies in the conidia and conidiophores. The monocot lineage consisted of a single species, Blumeria graminis, which is well characterized by being parasitic to monocots, especially to cereal plants. Character polarization was discussed on several major characteristics. The mycelioid appendage which has long been regarded as an ancestral character may be a derived character as a result of an event that may have occurred multiple times independently due to convergence. Euoidium-type anamorph and clavatc appressorial germ tube are considered to be ancestral characters to Pseudoidium-type anamorph and lobed germ tube. Ectophytic nature and polyascal cleistothecia are also regarded as ancestral features to endophytic nature and monoascal cleistothecia. Less