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Study on vicariance of obligate biotrophs between East Asia and South America

东亚和南美洲专性生物营养生物的替代性研究

基本信息

批准号：
15405021
负责人：
TAKAMATSU Susumu
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15405021/
关键词：
powdery mildew phylogeny evolution nucleotide sequence rDNA ITS plant pathogen biogeography ウドンコ病

项目摘要

The aims of this study were (1) to clarify the causal factors of vicariance of powdery mildew fungi, obligate biotrophs of plants, between East Asia and South America using molecular phylogenetic analyses, and (2) to study evolutional history of the powdery mildew fungi from the view of biogeography. The main results are described below,1) A new species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula is described and illustrated from Patagonia, Argentina. Erysiphe patagoniaca sp. nov., found on leaves of Nothofagus x antarctica, is similar to E. nothofagi and E. kenjiana, but differs in its appendages twisted throughout the length, and number of appendages, asci and ascospores. The two endemic species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula, E. magellanica and E. nothofagi, coexisted on the same leaves together with Erysiphe patagoniaca.2) The phylogenetic position of Uncinula forestalls within the Erysiphales has been inferred from 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rDNA sequences. Although the appendages of the ascomata are Uncinula … More -like and clearly separate from the recently introduced basal genus Parauncinula ex Uncinula. Uncinula forestalls differs morphologically from the species of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula (= Uncinula) in having terminal, fasciculate (as in Podosphaera tridactyla), septate ascoma appendages and a Euoidium-like anamorph (conidia catenate). In Parauncinula, the appendages are also terminal but not fasciculate, the ascospores are curved, and the anamorph is lacking. Uncinula forestalis is a basal, tree-inhabiting powdery mildew with some additional ancestral characteristics, including Uncinula-like appendages and 6-8-spored asci. The new genus Caespitotheca is proposed, with C. forestalis as the type species.3) Golovinomyces is a strictly herb-parasitic genus in the Erysiphaceae. Host-parasite co-speciation was reported recently between the genus Golovinomyces and Asteraceae from molecular phylogenetic analyses. The Asteraceae originated in South America and latterly expanded their geographic distribution into the Northern Hemisphere. If the co-speciation between Golovinomyces and Asteraceae originated in South America, the geographic origin of Golovinomyces could be assumed to be South America. To address this question, Golovinomyces species from hosts of the tribe Mutisieae, an asteraceous tribe endemic to South America, were collected and sequenced. Results indicate that Oidium mutisiae and Golovinomyces leuceriae isolated from the Mutisieae do not belong at the base of the Golovinomyces tree. Instead, they are situated separately within two different clades of Golovinomyces isolates from the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, the tribe Mutisieae is not the most early host of Golovinomyces. Present results suggest that Golovinomyces originated in the Northern Hemisphere, and not in South America Less

本研究的目的是（1）利用分子系统发育分析阐明东亚和南美之间白粉病真菌（植物专性生物营养生物）变异的原因；（2）从生物地理学的角度研究白粉病真菌的进化史。主要结果如下：1）白粉菌属新种。 Uncinula 的描述和插图来自阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚。巴塔哥尼亚白粉病 sp. nov.，发现于 Nothofagus x antarctica 的叶子上，与 E. nothofagi 和 E. kenjiana 相似，但不同之处在于其附属物在整个长度上扭曲，以及附属物、子囊和子囊孢子的数量。白粉菌属的两种特有种。 Uncinula、E. magellanica 和 E. nothofagi 与 Erysiphe patagoniaca 共存于同一片叶子上。2) 根据 5.8S、18S 和 28S rDNA 序列推断了 Uncinula 在白粉菌目中的系统发育位置。尽管子囊状体的附属物与 Uncinula 类似，并且与最近引入的基生属 Parauncinula ex Uncinula 明显不同。 Uncinula foresalls 在形态上与白粉菌属的物种不同。 Uncinula (= Uncinula) 具有顶生、束状（如三趾球囊菌）、分隔的子囊附属物和类似Euoidium 的无性型（连状分生孢子）。在 Parauncinula 中，附属物也是末端的，但不是束状的，子囊孢子是弯曲的，并且缺乏无性型。 Uncinulaforesalis 是一种基生树栖白粉病，具有一些额外的祖先特征，包括类似 Uncinula 的附属物和 6-8 个孢子子囊。提出新属Caespitotheca，并以C.foresalis为模式种。3) Golovinomyces是白粉菌科中严格草本寄生的属。最近通过分子系统发育分析报道了 Golovinomyces 属和菊科之间的宿主-寄生虫共物种。菊科植物起源于南美洲，后来将其地理分布扩展到北半球。如果 Golovinomyces 和菊科之间的共物种起源于南美洲，则可以假设 Golovinomyces 的地理起源是南美洲。为了解决这个问题，我们收集了来自 Mutisieae 部落（南美洲特有的菊科部落）宿主的 Golovinomyces 物种并进行了测序。结果表明，从 Mutisieae 中分离出的 Oidium mutisiae 和 Golovinomyces leuceriae 不属于 Golovinomyces 树的基部。相反，它们分别位于北半球分离的戈洛维酵母的两个不同分支内。因此，Mutisieae部落并不是Golovinomyces最早的宿主。目前的结果表明 Golovinomyces 起源于北半球，而不是南美洲。