Studies on the Accumulation and Depuration Mechanism of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Bivalves.

为研究麻痹性贝类毒素（PST）在虾夷扇贝体内的微量分布，从虾夷扇贝肝胰腺中分离细胞，用高效液相色谱法测定毒素含量。表明该菌膜中存在转运系统膜，这可能在其毒素积累中起重要作用。为了证实这一点，从肝胰腺建立原代细胞培养物，并与毒素一起孵育。然而，没有证据表明毒素的摄入量的细胞，可能是由于不良的生存能力的culture.To确定的命运，毒素在短颈蛤Tapes japonica，有毒甲藻Alexandrum tamarense喂养实验中进行的坦克。通过对日本9种常见双壳类贝类毒素提取物的体外培养实验，首次在一种名为Peronidia venulosa的贝类中发现了PST降解酶。

To study the micro-distribution of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) in scallops Patinopecten yessoyensis, the species known to accumulate the toxin most effectively, cells were liberated from the hepatopancreas and measured for the toxin content by HPLC.The cells contained several folds higher toxicity than whole organs on wet weight base, indicating the presence of transporting system membrane in the membrane and this might play important role in the accumulation of the toxins by this species. To confirm this, the primary cell culture was established from the hepatopancreas and incubated with the toxins. However, no evidence was obtained as for the intake of the toxin by the cells, probably due to poor viability of the culture.To determine the fate of toxins in short-necked clam Tapes japonica, feeding experiments with toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense were performed in a tank. Determination of entire toxin distribution in the closed system, including exchanged seawater and feces, revealed that secretion plays much more important role than degradation in the toxin depuration process by this species.In vitro incubation experiments on the extracts from 9 species of common bivalves in Japan resulted in the finding PST degradation enzyme(s) in a clam Peronidia venulosa, as the first case in the world.