Prediction of the fate of agrochemicals based on model parameter estimation and GIS

基于模型参数估计和GIS的农用化学品归宿预测

• 批准号: 09650601
• 负责人: YUASA Akira
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Gifu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09650601/
• 关键词: agrochemicals; runoff; compartment model; GIS; paddy field; simulation; The Oirase River; hydrometeorology; 化合物物性; 奥入瀬川流域; 使用量; 水文データ; 化合物特性; 気象データ; 馬渕川

A mathematical model was developed to describe the agrochemicals runoff used in paddy fields into rivers and applied to the Oirase River Basin (main river length 70km, total basin area 844kmィイD12ィエD1, Aomori Prefecture). The data of concentration measurement of agrochemicals was collected for the year 1995 and 1996.The whole area of the river basin was divided into square meshes (5km x 5km) and the land coverage of each mesh was categorized as mountain and forest, paddy field, dry farm field, and town. The spraying schedule and the dosage of agrochemicals was estimated for 1995 and 1996 based on the marketing information of the commercial agrochemicals and the calendar for farmers. Eleven chemical compounds were selected as the target of analysis. The adsorbability and biodegradability in the soil was estimated by the physical-chemical and biological characteristics of each compound.Hydrometeorological data was collected from eight observation points in the river basin and allocated to each mesh by Tiessen's method. It was shown that the amount of evaporation and transpiration is best estimated by the method of Brutsaert and Strickerand among five estimation methods. It is also shown that the amount of snowmelt is precisely estimated by the temperature index method. The compartment model to simulate the behavior of agrochemicals needed at least six compartments, namely; river water phase, river bottom solid phase, paddy field water phase, paddy field bottom solid phase, soil-A phase and soil-B phase.Simulation results showed that the runoff behavior of the agrochemical compounds was largely affected by the spraying period and the amount of each chemicals, the period of rainfall, and the control of water discharge from paddy fields.

建立了描述稻田化肥径流入河的数学模型，并应用于青森县大江河流域(主要河流长70公里，流域总面积844公里ィイD12ィエD1)。收集了1995年和1996年的农用化学品浓度监测资料，将整个流域划分为5 km×5 km的方形网格，每个网格的土地覆盖度分为山林、水田、旱田和城镇。根据商品农用化学品的销售信息和农民日历，估算了1995年和1996年农用化学品的喷洒时间表和用量。筛选出11种化合物作为分析对象。根据土壤中各组分的理化特性和生物降解性评价其在土壤中的吸附性能和生物降解性。水文气象数据来自流域内的8个观测点，并按泰森方法分配到每个网目。结果表明，在5种估算方法中，用Brutsaert和Strickerand方法估算蒸发量和蒸腾量效果最好。用温度指数法可以较准确地估计积雪融化量。模拟农用化学品径流行为的隔室模型至少需要6个隔室，即河水相、河底固相、稻田水相、稻田底固相、土壤-A相和土壤-B相。模拟结果表明，农药的径流行为受喷洒时期、每种农药的用量、降雨时段以及稻田排水量的控制等因素的影响较大。