Dynamic Analysis of Early Bipedal Walking in Developing Human Infant

从运动学和运动学的角度研究了人类婴幼儿行走的个体发育。该研究提出了关于行走发展的经验知识，并揭示了人类两足动物的习得。对39名5岁前的婴儿（21男18女）进行136项试验，对其独立行走进行运动学测量。对15名婴儿（10名男性和5名女性）重复进行纵向测量，直到2岁。在独立行走方面的纵向试验有92项，另外还有16项依赖行走。从两个测力板、两个VTR摄像机和一个三维运动分析系统同步数据并记录运动和力。采用超声仪测量下肢肌肉厚度。对1岁婴幼儿的步行模式进行时间、姿势和足力的提取。指出了婴儿和成人之间的差异和相似之处。在目前的研究中，几乎都是新发现的。其中两点总结如下：1)幼儿在许多行走参数上与成人发育不均衡。他们在一岁前半段的发育非常迅速。2)行走经验的持续时间影响行走能力的进展。当控制实际年龄进行比较时，具有较长独立步态经验的婴儿可以更熟练地行走。

The ontogenetical development of human infant walking was kineticafly and kinematically studied. The study proposed empirical knowledge on the development of walking and shed light on the human acquisition of bipedalism.136 trials of 39 infants (21 males and 18 females) until 5 years of age were kinesiologically measured their independent walking. Longitudinal measurements were repeated on 15 infants (10 males and 5 fema1es) until 2 years of age. The number of longitudinal trials was 92 in independent walking and, in addition, 16 dependent walking. Data from two force plates, two VTR cameras, and a three-dimensional movement analyzing system were synchronized and recorded the movement and the force. The thickness of lower limb muscles was measured using the ultrasonic apparatus. Walking patterns of one-year-old infant were extracted on the time, posture, and foot force. Differences and similarities between the patterns in infants and adults were pointed out. Almost all of them are newly discovered in the present study. Two of them are summarized as follows :I) In many of walking parameters the infants do not develop evenly to the adults. Their development is very rapid in the earlier half of the one year of age.2) Duration of walking experience influences the ability of progressed walking. Infants with a longer experience of independent gait can walk more skillfully, when comparisons are made by controlling chronological age.