A study of movement of body center of gravity in chimpanzee: a model of acquiring process of human bipedalism.

为了研究人类直立行走的摄水过程，对5只两足黑猩猩从0岁婴儿到成年的身体重心运动的发育进行了测量。采用遥测加速度计和测力板技术测量人体重心加速度。由加速度计算出速度和位移。并将结果与人类两足行走进行了比较。在人体行走的垂直位移中，人体重心在单一站姿阶段较高，而在垂直站姿阶段较低。人体中心的人性化运动节省了能量消耗。在黑猩猩中，人类类型的运动从两岁的婴儿开始，经常在四岁时被观察到。在重心从一只脚到另一只脚的横向切换模式上，黑猩猩与人类不同。重心的矢状位移显示了黑猩猩和人类之间的差异。这些差异与体位有关。在获得人类两足行走的过程中，这些姿势的影响肯定已经发挥出来了。在4-6岁的幼年黑猩猩身上测量了静态姿势下的身体重心位置。在双足姿势中，双上肢向下伸展，身体重心位于髂骨水平的腹侧。

The decelopment of the movement of the body center of gravity was measured on the five bipedal chimpanzees from the zero-year-old infant to the adult in order to study the aquiring process of the erect bipedal walking in the humans. The telemetrical accelerometer and the force plate techniques were applied to measure the acceleration of the body center of gravity. The velocity and the displacement were calculated from the acceleration. The results were compared with human bipedal walking. In the vertical displacement of human walking, the center of gravity of the body is high during the single stance phase and low during the souble stance phase. The human type movement of the body center economizes the energy expenditure. In the chimpanzee the human type movement started already from the two-year-old infant and it was frequently observed at four years of age. In the transverse switchover pattern of the center of gravity from one foot to the other, the chimpanzees were different from the humans. The sagittal displacement of the center of gravity showed the difference between the chimpanzees and the humans. These differences were related with the posture. In the aquisition of human bipedalism, these postural influence must have been exercised. The position of the body center of gravity in the static posture was measured on the infant chimpanzee from four to six years of age. In the bipedal posture with both upperlimbs extended downward, the body center of gravity situated around the ventral side of the level of the iliac crest.