Study of the origins of the terrestriality in hominoids viewed from functional morphology of the talar joint

从距骨关节功能形态看人科动物陆地性的起源

基本信息

批准号：
09640834
负责人：
NAKATSUKASA Masato
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09640834/
关键词：
primates postcranium subtalar joint hominoids evolution locomotion Miocene 運動二足歩行ニホンザル

项目摘要

This study aims to clarify the evolutionary processes concerning the origin(s) of the terrestriality in the human-African ape clade. For this purpose, the talar joint of the Miocene apes was examined. Movements of the subtalar joint during inversion-eversion were observed in living anthropoids by using the CT scanner, and osteological and kinesiological associations were investigated. The 3-D morphology of the posterior talar articular surface of the calcaneus was measured in Proconsul major, P.nyanzae (ca.19-18 Ma), and Nacholapithecus (ca.15Ma) as well as eight living anthropoids. The proportion of the posterior talar facet and the articular surface axis in the fossil calcanei exhibit the primitive anthropoid pattern. However, movements of the posterior subtalar joint in the fossil apes show a certain degree of rotations and ab-/adduction during in-and eversion of the foot as well as dorsi-and plantarflexion. This type of functional adaptation differs from those in living large platy … More rrhines in which only the dorsi-and plantarflexion are dominated. The posterior talar facet in these fossil apes is unique in that the posterior and anterior part of the facet are peculiarly flat and the intermediate part is well flexed or convexed. Probably, the posterior subtalar joint presumed either the fully plantarflexed or dorsiflexed position when the foot is variously inverted or everted.The posterior part of the articular surface exhibits strong inclination on the medial side. This causes a greater amount of the lateral rotations and/or adduction associated with the plantar flexion. Differing from this condition, cercopithecids has a shortened articular surface, resulting in a smaller range of movements and greater stability of the joint. This condition reflects the semi-terrestrial phase of the primitive cercopithecids. The articular surface of Pan has a less convex and smooth intermediate part. The long axis of the articular surface is strongly angled with the calcanean axis. These specializations enhance the stability of the joint through various positions and a greater component of the rotations in inversion-eversion movement. The fossil calcanei have a wide range of inversion-eversion and high stability in fully inverted of everted position though less than in living apes, thus, are unlikely adapted for ground locomotion. The morphology seen in Pan could have been developed from that of the fossil calcanei. However, the possibility that terrestrially adapted (like morphology of cercopithecids) stage existed in between them is low. Probably, The terrestrial adaptation in human-African ape clade does not go back up to the Middle Miocene. Less

这项研究旨在阐明人类非洲猿部中陆地的起源的进化过程。为此，检查了中新世猿的塔拉关节。通过使用CT扫描仪，在活着的人类动作中观察到了截面关节的运动，并研究了骨学和运动学关联。在Proconsul Major，P.Nyanzae（Ca.19-18 Ma）和Nacholapithecus（CA.15MA）以及八个活着的类人物中，测量了跟骨后塔拉尔关节表面的3-D形态。化石Calcanei中后塔拉尔刻面和关节表面轴的比例表现出原始的人类类动物模式。然而，化石猿中下部下部关节的运动显示出一定程度的旋转，并且在脚部和脚部持续的过程中以及背部和plantarflexion中的运动。这种功能适应性与生活在大型柏拉图中的适应性不同……更多的rrhines，其中只有背面和plantarflexion被主导。这些化石猿中的后塔拉尔面是独一无二的，因为该刻面的后部和前部是特殊的，并且中间部分弯曲或凸起。当脚倒置或反复经过时，可能使后室关节成为完全ploplanflex的位置或背反射位置。关节表面的后部在培养基方面表现出很强的倾斜度。这会导致更多与底屈曲相关的横向旋转和/或添加。与这种情况区分开，Cercopithecids的关节表面缩短，导致运动范围较小，关节的稳定性更高。这种条件反映了原始Cercopithecids的半晶体相。 PAN的关节表面的凸面和光滑的中间部分。 PAN可以从PAN开发的形态可能是从化石Calcanei开发的。但是，它们之间存在陆层适应的（例如cercopithecids的形态）的可能性很低。人类非洲猿类的陆地适应可能不会回到中新世中期。较少的