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Anatomical, physiological, and kinesiological study of bipedal capability in the Japanese macaque

日本猕猴双足能力的解剖学、生理学和运动学研究

基本信息

批准号：
12440245
负责人：
NAKATSUKASA Masato
金额：
$ 7.36万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Habitual bipedalism is only observed in humans among living primates whereas living humans are highly specialized bipeds. This fact causes a lack of comparative material to study adaptive process of human bipedalism. To cope with this problem, we conducted a morphological, physiological and kinesiological study on bipedally trained macaques for traditional money performance. Experiments were conducted with the Suo Monkey Performance Association (Kumamoto) and investigated tocomotor energetics and kinematics during locomotion on a treadmill. We examined locomotor energetics on two subjects (10 and 4 yrs in age). Energy expenditure was estimated as the rate of CO2 production standardized by the body mass. The walking velocity was 1.5-4.5 km/h. Energetic costs increased linearly correlated with walking velocities in bipedal and quadrupedal walk. Cost of bipedal walk was greater than that of quadrupedalism by ca, 30% in the elder subject and by 20-25% in the younger subject These ratios are rather constant in each individual regardless of walking velocity. We tentatively converted the observed CO2 production rate to oxygen consumption using a (empirically known) normal respiratory quotient (0.85) and obtained similar values revealed in previous studies. Kinematic analysis by using a two video camera system revealed that the trained monkeys took longer strides and fewer stride frequencies compared with normal (experimental) monkeys. These features are correlated with larger joint angles of the hindlimb and the knee joint of the trained monkey exhibited a human-like double knee action. This causes an upward translation of the trunk during the single limb support phase, which is observed in the double limb support phase in the normal monkeys. These kinematic features suggest that these trained macaques saved the costs of bipedalism by developing more human like bipedal gait, indicating the potential and plasticity for bipedalism.

习惯性两足行走只在现存的灵长类动物中的人类中观察到，而现存的人类是高度专门化的两足动物。这一事实导致了研究人类两足行走适应过程的比较材料的缺乏。为了科普这个问题，我们对两足猕猴进行了形态学、生理学和运动学的研究。实验进行了索猴性能协会（熊本）和研究tocomotor能量学和运动学在跑步机上运动。我们研究了两个主题（10岁和4岁）的运动能量学。能量消耗估计为CO2生产率标准化的体重。步行速度为1.5- 4.5km/h。在两足和四足行走中，能量消耗与行走速度呈线性相关。两足步行的成本比四足步行的成本高约30%，在老年受试者中高约20-25%，这些比率在每个个体中相当恒定，与步行速度无关。我们尝试使用（经验已知的）正常呼吸商（0.85）将观察到的CO2产生率转换为耗氧量，并获得了与先前研究中显示的值相似的值。运动学分析，通过使用两个视频摄像机系统显示，受过训练的猴子采取更长的步幅和更少的步频与正常（实验）的猴子相比。这些功能与较大的关节角度的后肢和膝关节的训练猴子表现出类似人类的双膝关节的行动。这导致在单肢支撑阶段躯干向上平移，这在正常猴的双肢支撑阶段中观察到。这些运动学特征表明，这些受过训练的猕猴通过发展更像人类的两足步态来节省两足行走的成本，表明了两足行走的潜力和可塑性。