STUDY ON NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF ANISOTROPIC RESIDUAL STRESS IN BONE AND FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF IMPLANT

(1)利用多色X射线衍射法建立了一种测量密质骨各向异性残余应力的方法。用此方法测量了牛骨干密质骨中的残余应力。为观察区域差异，取牛骨干中段标本，在各骨轴向和周向分为前、后、内、外四部分。结果表明，牛股骨后部骨轴向残余拉应力为42 MPa。该方法可以无损地测量骨内各向异性残余应力。(2)提出了一种基于特征X射线衍射的骨内残余应力无损测量方法。用该方法对兔胫骨残余应力进行了在体测量。结果表明，在兔胫骨骨轴向存在36 MPa的拉伸残余应力。是c 关于我们 证实了该方法对骨内残余应力的无创测量是非常有用的。(3)提出了一种多色X射线法无损测量涂层种植体三维残余应力的方法。用该方法测量了大气等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层钛种植体的残余应力。结果发现，具有中间层的涂层植入物的涂层中的压缩残余应力小于仅用羟基磷灰石涂层的植入物的压缩残余应力。(4)采用三维有限元方法对人工全髋关节置换术后股骨近端和脊柱前路内固定后椎体的适应性骨重建现象进行了分析。在THR模拟平台上，建立了一个由股骨近端和骨盆（包括股骨头和髋臼）组成的正常髋关节三维模型。在模拟脊柱内固定的基础上，建立了由三个椎体和四个椎间盘组成的正常腰椎三维模型。结果表明，种植体-骨界面周围松质骨的骨密度和应力明显降低。少

(1) A method to measure the anisotropic residual stress in compact bone was constructed using the polychromatic X-ray diffraction method. The residual stress in the compact bone of bovine diaphysis was measured by this method. To observe the difference of region, the specimen was taken from the middle region of bovine diaphysis divided into four parts : anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, at each bone axial and circumferential direction. As a result, the tensile residual stress of 42MPa was found in the bone axial direction at posterior part of the bovine femoral bone. The anisotropic residual stress in the bone could be evaluated nondestructively by this method.(2) A non-invasive measurement method of the residual stress in the bone using the characteristic X-ray diffraction was proposed. The residual stress in the tibia of rabbit was measured in vivo by this method. As a result, the tensile residual stress of 36MPa was found in the bone axial direction of the rabbit tibia. It was c … More onfirmed that this method was very useful for the non-invasive measurement of the residual stress in the bone.(3) A polychromatic X-ray method to measure nondestructively three dimensional residual stress occurred in the coating implant with the intermediate layer was presented. The residual stress of hydroxyapatite coating titanium implant with the titania intermediate layer, made by atmospheric plasma-spray processing, was measured by this method. As a result, it was found that the compressive residual stress in the coating layer of the coating implant with the intermediate layer was smaller than that of the implant coated only with hydroxyapatite.(4) The adaptive bone remodeling phenomenon was analyzed using the three dimensional finite element method on two important clinical problem ; a proximal femur after prosthetic total hip joint replacement (THR) and vertebral bodies fixed by the anterior spinal instrumentation (SI). On the THR simulation, a normal hip joint model which composed of the proximal femur and the pelvic bone including femoral head and acetabular was constructed three-dimensionally. On the simulation of spinal instrumentation, a normal lumbar spine model which composed three vertebral bodies and four intervertebral discs was constructed three-dimensionally. As a result, the remodeling simulation showed that the bone density and the stress decreased significantly at cancellous bone around bone-implant interface. Less