Multicellular Behavior of Bacteria and Dynamics of Their Colony Formation

细菌的多细胞行为及其菌落形成动力学

• 批准号: 09640471
• 负责人: MATSUSHITA Mitsugu
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Chuo University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09640471/
• 关键词: bacteria; colony; pattern formation; Bacillus subtilis; Proteus mirabilis; interface growth; self-affinity; concentric-ring pattern; DBM(密集分技)パターン; 細菌

We have studied the, growth mechanism and morphological change, in colony formation of bacteria from the viewpoint of physics of pattern formation. The colony differs in size, form, and color according to bacterial species. It also changes its form sensitively with the variation of environmental conditions. This implies that although usual bacteria such as Escherichia coli are regarded as single cell organisms, they never make, their colony independently and randomly but somehow collaborate multicellularly. We have thus tried to extract some simple, and universal behaviors in growth from such complex bacterial systems.Here we varied only two parameters to investigate the colony growth; concentrations of nutrient CィイD2nィエD2 and agar CィイD2aィエD2 in a thin agar plate as the incubation medium. Other parameters specifying experimental conditions such as temperature were kept constant. We mainly used a typical bacterial species Bacillus subtilis. Otherwise the experimental procedures are standard. It was found that coloniels show characteristic patterns in the specific regions of values of CィイD2nィエD2 and CィイD2aィエD2 in the morphological diagram and the patterns change drastically from one region to another. They were classified into five types; fractal DLA-like, compact Eden-like, concentric ring-like, simple disk-like and densely branched DBM-like. We have experimentally elaborated characteristic properties for each of these colony patterns.We have also done the same experiments for a bacterial species Proteus mirabilis. This species has been well-known for more than a century to form macroscopically almost perfect concentric-ring like, colonies with approximately equal spacings on the surface of semi-solid substrate such as an agar plate. We have elucidated macroscopic and phenomenological mechanism for the repeated interface growth of the concentric-ring like colonies.

本文从模式形成物理学的观点出发，研究了细菌在形成菌落过程中的生长机制和形态变化。根据细菌种类的不同，殖民地的大小、形状和颜色也不同。随着环境条件的变化，其形态也发生了敏感的变化。这意味着，尽管通常的细菌如大肠杆菌被认为是单细胞生物，但它们从来没有独立和随机地形成它们的菌落，而是以某种方式多细胞合作。因此，我们试图从这种复杂的细菌系统中提取一些简单而普遍的生长行为，在这里，我们只改变两个参数来研究殖民地生长：在薄琼脂平板中作为孵育培养基的营养素C_（10）D_（21）D_（22）和琼脂C_（10）D_（21）D_（22）。指定实验条件的其他参数（如温度）保持恒定。我们主要使用了典型的细菌种枯草芽孢杆菌。否则，实验程序是标准的。结果表明，菌落在形态图中C_（10）D_（2n）D_（2n）D_（2a）D_（2a）D_（2a）值的特定区域内表现出特征性的模式，并且模式从一个区域到另一个区域变化剧烈。将其分为5种类型：分形DLA型、致密Eden型、同心环状、简单圆盘型和密集分枝DBM型。我们已经通过实验详细阐述了每种菌落模式的特性，我们还对奇异变形杆菌做了同样的实验。已知该种在超过世纪的时间里在半固体基质如琼脂平板的表面上形成宏观上几乎完美的同心环状菌落，具有近似相等的间距。我们阐明了同心环状菌落反复界面生长的宏观和唯象机制。

项目成果

J. Wakita: "Self-affinity for the Growing Interface of Bacterial Colonies"J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66. 67-72 (1997)

J. Wakita：“细菌菌落生长界面的自亲和性”J.

T. Matsuyama: "Dynamic Aspects of Structured Cell Population in a Swarming Colony of Proteus mirabilis"J. Bacteriol.. 182. 385-393 (2000)

T. Matsuyama：“奇异变形杆菌群落中结构化细胞群的动态”J。

J. Wakita: "Experimented Investigation on the Formation of Dense-Branching-Morphology-like Colonies in Bacteria"J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67. 3630-3636 (1998)

J. Wakita：“细菌中密集分支形态样菌落形成的实验研究”J.

M. Matsushita et al.: "Formation of Colony Patterns by a Bacterial Cell Population"Physica A. 274. 190-199 (1999)

M.Matsushita 等：“细菌细胞群形成菌落模式”Physica A. 274. 190-199 (1999)

H. Itoh et al.: "Periodic Pattern Formation of Bacterial Colonies"J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.. 68. 1436-1443 (1999)

H. Itoh 等人：“细菌菌落的周期性模式形成”J。