Nervous system development in sea spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida): combining morphology and gene expression to reconstruct the euarthropod ground pattern

海蜘蛛（节肢动物，Pycnogonida）的神经系统发育：结合形态学和基因表达来重建真节肢动物的地面模式

• 批准号: 85623853
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Gerhard Scholtz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Vergleichende Zoologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/85623853?language=en
• 关键词: Nervous; system; development; sea; spiders

Comparative studies of neurogenesis provide valuable clues for phylogenetic relationships and ner-vous system evolution of euarthropods. Representatives of hexapods, crustaceans, myriapods, and chelicerates have been studied with respect to (1) the formation of stem-cell like neural progenitor cells (neuroblasts) or small clusters of immigrating neuronal cells, (2) a stereotyped arrangement of the respective neural precursors within each hemisegment, (3) an association between ectodermal cell proliferation and immigration, and (4) the genetic 2 network underlying these processes. Moreover, data on early axonogenesis provide insights into the establishment and spatial arrangement of the axonal scaffold in central nervous system. However, missing studies in some euarthropod taxa and outgroups such as Onychophora and Tardigrada render the reconstruction of ancestral neurogenesis and thus the polarity of neurogenic evolutionary transformations of euarthropods difficult. Owing to their basal position either in chelicerates or euarthropods in general, sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are critical for this analysis. However, despite some recent progress most aspects of pycnogonid neuro-genesis are still controversial and insufficiently known. To diminish this lack of knowledge, neural precursor formation and axonogenesis of pycnogonids will be studied in detail, combining different morphological approaches and gene expression analyses. It will be tested whether early neurogenesis in sea spiders shows more similarities to euchelicerates and myriapods or to onychophorans. Obtai-ned data will contribute to the reconstruction of evolutionary changes in euarthropod neurogenesis.

神经发生的比较研究为euarthropods的系统发育关系和NER-VOUS系统演变提供了宝贵的线索。已经研究了（1）形成（1）干细胞的形成神经祖细胞（神经细胞）或较小的移民神经元细胞的小簇，（2）在每个型神经元细胞中，（2）在每个型神经元的布置中，伊斯兰和静脉均一的神经元的布置（3）移民，以及（4）这些过程的基因2网络。此外，关于早期轴突发生的数据为中枢神经系统中轴突支架的建立和空间排列提供了见解。然而，缺少在某些Euarthropod类群和外群中的研究，例如Onychophora和Tardigrada造成了祖先神经发生的重建，因此难以使Euarthropods的神经源性进化转化的极性难以进行。由于它们在螯合物中的基础位置或一般的Euarhthropods的基础位置，因此海蜘蛛（Pycnogonida）对于此分析至关重要。然而，尽管最近有一些进展，但大多数方面的pycnogonid神经生成仍然是有争议的，而且还不足。为了减少这种知识的缺乏，将详细研究神经前体的形成和pycnogonids的轴突生成，结合了不同的形态学方法和基因表达分析。将测试海蜘蛛中的早期神经发生与圣思想结构和米尔达群或甲藻类的相似之处。 GERTAI-NED数据将有助于重建Euarlthropod神经发生的进化变化。