Structural investiga tions for developing therapeutics of functional disorders due to the sodium channel

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1. The tertiary amine type local anesthetics which possess a charge under physiological conditions interact hydrophobically with the phenylalanine residue in the hydrophobic motif, IMF, of the III-IV linker and also electrostatically with the acidic amino acid residues which locate before and after the IMF motif.2. At a similar condition as above, benzocaine locates at a polarhead-group region as in the case of the tertiary amine type local anes the tics, but cannot interact with the III-IV linker.3. The structure at around the IMF motifis generally α-helical. The structure at around the IMF motifis controlled by a hydrogen bonding between the isoleucine in the IMF and the threonine which take a position just after the IMF residues.4. A pentapeptide KIFMK interacts specifically with the III-IV linker and stabilizes the α-helical structure at around the structure of the IMF motif.As a therapeutic for paramyotonia congenita (PMC), in which the threonine is mutated into methionine, it is considered that a molecule which can stabilize the α-helical structure formed by the IFMT motifin the wild type sodium can be a good drug.