A study on road traffic noise control considering the arrangement of houses

在道路附近居住区的土地利用规划中，从规划阶段开始就应考虑充分的道路交通噪声对策。本研究的目的是提出如何在考虑房屋布置的情况下，控制道路附近住宅区的道路交通噪音。具体而言，首先研究了如何预测房屋对道路交通噪声的过量衰减，然后研究了如何在区域内设置房屋和开放空间以尽可能地降低噪声水平。基于房屋必须避免道路交通噪声的思想，本研究选择居民区作为研究目标区域。为了本研究的目的，需要一种简单的方法来估计房屋对噪声的过度衰减。因此，在本研究中，进行了声学模型实验，以检验独立住宅的噪声衰减。通过对实验结果的分析，提出了独立住宅对道路交通噪声过量衰减的经验公式。在这个公式中只使用了三个参数。该公式的预测精度低于3分贝。并通过二次检验实验和实际小区噪声调查验证了该方法的有效性。最后将该预测公式应用于实际住宅小区中不同房屋布置时的噪声分布预测。本文提出的经验公式使我们能够预测住宅区的噪声分布，这是以往任何方法都无法得到的。由于公式中使用的三个参数，即与道路的距离、道路的总观景角度和房屋的覆盖率，在规划开始阶段就可以得到，因此可以应用于考虑道路交通噪声控制的房屋和开放空间的规划布置。

In land-use planning of residential areas near roads, sufficient countermeasures against road traffic noise should be considered from the beginning of planning stages. The purpose of this study is to present how to control road traffic noise in residential areas near roads considering the arrangement of houses. Concretely, firstly how to predict the excess attenuation of road traffic noise by houses is examined and then how to place houses and open spaces in the areas to reduce noise level as much as possible is studied. Being based on the idea that houses must be prevented from road traffic noise, residential area is selected as a research target area in this study.For the purpose of this study, a simple method to estimate the excess attenuation of noise by houses is necessary. So in this study, an acoustical model experiment was performed to examine noise attenuation by detached houses. By analyzing the experimental results, an empirical formula to predict the excess attenuation of road traffic noise by detached houses was proposed. Only three parameters were used in this formula. The predicting accuracy of the formula is below three decibels. And the validity of it was confirmed by an experiment for double check and a noise survey in actual residential area. Finally the predicted formula was applied to predict noise distribution in actual residential areas when the arrangement of houses is varied.The empirical formula presented in this study enables us to predict the noise distribution in residential area which has been not obtained by any previous method. And this formula can be applied to plan the arrangement of houses and open spaces considering the control of road traffic noise, because three parameters used in the formula, the distance from the road, the total angle viewing roads and the covered rate by houses, can be obtained at the beginning of planning stages.