A study on road traffic noise control considering the arrangement of houses

在道路附近居住区的土地利用规划中，从规划阶段开始就应考虑充分的道路交通噪声防治措施。本研究的目的是提出如何控制道路交通噪声在居住区附近的道路，考虑到房屋的安排。具体而言，首先研究了如何预测房屋对道路交通噪声的超额衰减，然后研究了如何在该地区安置房屋和空地以尽可能降低噪声水平。本文以居住区为研究对象，基于住宅对道路交通噪声的防护理念，提出了一种简单的住宅对道路交通噪声的超额衰减估算方法。因此，本研究进行了独立式住宅的声学模型实验，以研究独立式住宅的降噪效果。通过对试验结果的分析，提出了预测独立式住宅对道路交通噪声超衰减的经验公式。在这个公式中只使用了三个参数。该公式的预测精度在3分贝以下。并通过复核实验和实际居住区噪声测量验证了该方法的有效性。最后将该公式应用于实际居住区的噪声分布预测，并对不同房屋布置方式下的居住区噪声分布进行了预测，使我们能够预测居住区的噪声分布，这是以往任何方法都无法得到的。由于该公式中的三个参数，即距道路的距离、道路的总视角和房屋覆盖率，可以在规划初期就得到，因此可以应用于考虑道路交通噪声控制的房屋和空地布局规划。

In land-use planning of residential areas near roads, sufficient countermeasures against road traffic noise should be considered from the beginning of planning stages. The purpose of this study is to present how to control road traffic noise in residential areas near roads considering the arrangement of houses. Concretely, firstly how to predict the excess attenuation of road traffic noise by houses is examined and then how to place houses and open spaces in the areas to reduce noise level as much as possible is studied. Being based on the idea that houses must be prevented from road traffic noise, residential area is selected as a research target area in this study.For the purpose of this study, a simple method to estimate the excess attenuation of noise by houses is necessary. So in this study, an acoustical model experiment was performed to examine noise attenuation by detached houses. By analyzing the experimental results, an empirical formula to predict the excess attenuation of road traffic noise by detached houses was proposed. Only three parameters were used in this formula. The predicting accuracy of the formula is below three decibels. And the validity of it was confirmed by an experiment for double check and a noise survey in actual residential area. Finally the predicted formula was applied to predict noise distribution in actual residential areas when the arrangement of houses is varied.The empirical formula presented in this study enables us to predict the noise distribution in residential area which has been not obtained by any previous method. And this formula can be applied to plan the arrangement of houses and open spaces considering the control of road traffic noise, because three parameters used in the formula, the distance from the road, the total angle viewing roads and the covered rate by houses, can be obtained at the beginning of planning stages.