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Basic studies on preservation of water environment of Lake Biwqa by enhancing value and estimating microbial ecosystem of Lake Biwa

通过提高琵琶湖微生物生态系统的价值和评估来保护琵琶湖水环境的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
09460153
负责人：
TACHIKI Takashi
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this research project, we recognize water-plants, phytoplankton and microorganisms in Lake Biwa as "nonutillized biomass resources"(Lake Biwa Biomass, LBB) which grow by adsorbing (removing) the first pollutants as nutrients in the Lake. The purpose of the project is to improve and preserve water quality of the Lake by removing the first pollutants in the form of LBB, which are transformed to new resources with additional value. To achieve these goals, we must characterize the ecosystem for various processes concerning LBB.I. Enchancing value of LBB with microbial activity : Waterweeds were utilized for solid state culture of industrial fungi and edible mushroom. (1) Several fungi such as Aspergillus oryzae grew well on the solid medium with SASABAMO, and produced useful hydrolyzing enzymes. (2) Hiratake also grew well on the solid medium with SASABAMO, and formed more fruiting bodies than those on a conventional medium with saw dust and rice bran. Use of several algae, mixing ratio … More of submaterial, culture condition, cultivation of other edible mushrooms etc. were investigated. Occurrence of factor(s) in waterweeds was suggested, which promotes growth of mushroom mycelium. (3) Protoplast of HIRATAKE was formed by use of a cell-wall lytic enzyme found by the author. Analysis of the lytic enzyme was made in respect to enzyme species effective for degradation of cell-wall of mushroom mycelium.II 2. The chemical ecology of the Lake Biwa biomass1.Selective production of plan biomass : In order to obtain the fundamental knowledge about the selective production of plant biomass, were investigated the interaction between blue-green algae, Microcystis spp. and algae-lysing bacteria, and that between the algae and their predator cladoceran. As the results, many algae-lysing bacteria were obtained. A Strong algaecide produced by one of those bacteria was isolated, and its chemical structure was determined. It was also unveiled that the algae produced lethal toxins and feeding inhibitors against cladoceran.2. Analysis of microbial flora in the sediment of Lake Biwa and its ecological relationship with plant-biomass : The microbial flora and pollutant-decomposing activity of sediments at specific sites in Lake Biwa was examined according to its depth. Microbial flora in the slime layer of a plant biomass, Microcystis sp., was studied from an ecological viewpoint. The attachment mechanism of Vibrio sp., casual agent of vibriosis for Ayu (Japanese river trout), was analyzed, and a novel finding, which demands reconsideration for an old attachment mechanism, was obtained. Less

在本研究项目中，我们将琵琶湖的水生植物、浮游植物和微生物视为“未利用的生物质资源”（Lake Biwa biomass， LBB），它们通过吸附（去除）湖中的第一污染物作为营养物质而生长。该项目的目的是通过去除LBB形式的第一批污染物，将其转化为具有附加价值的新资源，从而改善和保护湖泊的水质。为了实现这些目标，我们必须描述与lbbi有关的各种过程的生态系统特征。LBB对微生物活性的增强价值：利用水草对工业真菌和食用菌进行固态培养。(1)几种真菌如米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）在SASABAMO固体培养基上生长良好，并产生有用的水解酶。(2)平竹在含SASABAMO的固体培养基上生长良好，子实体的形成比在含锯末和米糠的常规培养基上多。对几种藻类的使用、混合比例、基材用量、培养条件、其他食用菌的培养等进行了研究。认为水草中存在促进菌丝生长的因子。(3) HIRATAKE的原生质体是利用作者发现的细胞壁裂解酶形成的。对真菌菌丝体细胞壁有效降解酶进行了种类分析。二2。琵琶湖生物量的化学生态学研究植物生物量的选择性生产：为了获得植物生物量选择性生产的基本知识，研究了蓝绿藻、微囊藻和溶藻细菌之间的相互作用，以及蓝绿藻与它们的捕食者枝海洋之间的相互作用。结果，获得了许多溶藻菌。从其中一种细菌中分离出一种强效杀藻剂，并确定了其化学结构。此外，该藻类还能产生致死性毒素和对支藻的摄食抑制剂。琵琶湖沉积物微生物区系分析及其与植物生物量的生态关系：根据琵琶湖的深度，考察了琵琶湖特定地点沉积物的微生物区系和污染物分解活性。从生态学的角度研究了微囊藻（Microcystis sp.）黏液层的微生物区系。对日本河鳟弧菌病的偶发致病菌Vibrio sp.的附着机制进行了分析，得到了一个新的发现，需要对原有的附着机制进行反思。少