Chronological Research of the hominid fossil tibia from Sambungmacan, Jawa

1977年9月，在印度尼西亚爪哇中部Sambungmacan的梭罗河捷径运河遗址发现了一个原始人类右胫骨的骨轴碎片和动物遗骸。现场出露的上新世-更新世沉积物由Kalibeng组、Kabuh组和Setri组组成。虽然在野外发现的原始人胫骨（地表发现）的确切地点尚不清楚，但该标本的氟含量已被发现与卡布组和塞特里组的脊椎动物骨骼的氟含量相对应，因此建议将Sambungmacan胫骨称为可能包含在“爪哇人”或“梭罗人”中的化石原始人。然而，在Sambungmacan的情况下，我们不能解决地层来源（Kabuh组或Setri组？），其年代尚待进一步研究。最近的研究表明，一种新的地球化学方法，使用电感耦合等离子体（ICP）光谱法进行骨的多元素分析，并与氟含量测定相结合，对于中爪哇Sangiran地区化石骨的来源判别是非常有效的，并有助于Sangiran原始人的地质年代学定位。本报告涉及多元入路在Sambungmacan胫骨中的应用。结果表明，所讨论的原始人类胫骨起源于卡布组。目前的方法将是有希望的澄清地层来源的原始人在Sambungmacan发现于1973年。胫骨的古老性也可能对围绕Trinil的原始人类股骨的地质时代的持续争议产生重大影响，这导致了爪哇猿人（现在的人属）的物种名称直立于我们。

In September 1977, a fossilized shaft fragment of a hominid right tibia was found together with faunal remains from the Solo River short-cut canal site at Sambungmacan in Central Jawa, Indonesia. The Plio-Pleistocene sediments exposed at the site consist of the Kalibeng, Kabuh and Setri Formations in ascending order. While the exact findspot of the hominid tibia (surface discovery) in the field is unknown, the fluorine content of this specimen has been found to correspond to that of vertebrate bones in situ from the Kabuh and Setri Formations, and has thus suggested that the Sambungmacan tibia would be referred to a fossil hominid which may be included in 'Java Man' or 'Solo Man'. However, in the case of Sambungmacan, we could not settle the stratigraphic provenance (the Kabuh Formation or the Setri Formation? ) of the tibia with the fluorine analysis alone, and the clarification of its antiquity has awaited further research. Recent studies have shown that a new geochemical approach by multielement analyses of bone using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, in company with the fluorine assay, is very effective for purposes of provenance discrimination of fossil bones from the Sangiran area, Central Jawa ; and have assisted the geochronological placement of the Sangiran hominids. This report is concerned with the application of the multielement approach to the Sambungmacan tibia. The results imply that the hominid tibia in question has its origin in the Kabuh Formation. The present approach would be promising for the clarification of the stratigraphic provenance of the hominid braincase found from Sambungmacan in 1973. The antiquity of the tibia may also have a significant bearing on the ongoing controversy surrounding the geological age of the hominid femora from Trinil which led the species name of Pithecanthropus (now Homo) erect us.