Chronological Research of the hominid fossil tibia from Sambungmacan, Jawa

1977年9月，在印度尼西亚中爪哇Sambungmacan的梭罗河（Solo River）运河近道遗址，人们在动物遗骸中发现了一块原始人类右胫骨的轴状化石碎片。出露的上新世—更新世沉积物依次为Kalibeng组、Kabuh组和Setri组。虽然原始人胫骨的确切发现地点（表面发现）尚不清楚，但该标本的氟含量已被发现与Kabuh组和Setri组原位脊椎动物骨骼的氟含量相对应，因此表明Sambungmacan胫骨可能是一种原始人化石，可能包括在“爪哇人”或“Solo人”中。但是，仅凭氟分析，尚不能确定胫骨的地层来源（Kabuh组还是Setri组？），其古代尚待进一步研究。最近的研究表明，利用电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP）对骨骼进行多元素分析的一种新的地球化学方法，与氟测定法相结合，对中爪哇桑吉兰地区化石骨骼的物源区分非常有效；并协助桑吉兰原始人的地理年代定位。本报告是关于多元素入路在Sambungmacan胫骨的应用。这一结果表明，所讨论的原始人类胫骨起源于卡布地层。目前的方法有望澄清1973年在三峰玛干发现的人科脑壳的地层来源。胫骨的古老也可能对围绕来自特里尼尔的原始人类股骨的地质年代的争论产生重大影响，这导致了猿人（现在的人）直立我们的物种名称。

In September 1977, a fossilized shaft fragment of a hominid right tibia was found together with faunal remains from the Solo River short-cut canal site at Sambungmacan in Central Jawa, Indonesia. The Plio-Pleistocene sediments exposed at the site consist of the Kalibeng, Kabuh and Setri Formations in ascending order. While the exact findspot of the hominid tibia (surface discovery) in the field is unknown, the fluorine content of this specimen has been found to correspond to that of vertebrate bones in situ from the Kabuh and Setri Formations, and has thus suggested that the Sambungmacan tibia would be referred to a fossil hominid which may be included in 'Java Man' or 'Solo Man'. However, in the case of Sambungmacan, we could not settle the stratigraphic provenance (the Kabuh Formation or the Setri Formation? ) of the tibia with the fluorine analysis alone, and the clarification of its antiquity has awaited further research. Recent studies have shown that a new geochemical approach by multielement analyses of bone using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, in company with the fluorine assay, is very effective for purposes of provenance discrimination of fossil bones from the Sangiran area, Central Jawa ; and have assisted the geochronological placement of the Sangiran hominids. This report is concerned with the application of the multielement approach to the Sambungmacan tibia. The results imply that the hominid tibia in question has its origin in the Kabuh Formation. The present approach would be promising for the clarification of the stratigraphic provenance of the hominid braincase found from Sambungmacan in 1973. The antiquity of the tibia may also have a significant bearing on the ongoing controversy surrounding the geological age of the hominid femora from Trinil which led the species name of Pithecanthropus (now Homo) erect us.