Assembler-Supplier Relationships in Japan: Past and Present

本文考察了20世纪五六十年代日本汽车工业和电机工业的分包制是如何发展起来的。我们以汽车和电机行业的总装制造商为研究对象，研究了从20世纪50年代到60年代，我们今天所看到的这种分包制度是如何形成的。我们进行了以下研究。首先，我们从一个新的角度重新分析了东京大学社会科学研究所在20世纪50年代进行的关于购买控制的问卷调查（我们汇编的数据集将向学术界公开）。其次，收集和分析了公司分包管理和采购管理方面的文件。第三，我们采访了当时负责采购控制的关键人物，不仅是总部的，还有工厂的。第四，对负责企业采购控制部门人员教学工作的物资控制协会和价值工程协会主要负责人进行了访谈。第五，采用问卷调查法研究了企业工会联合会（Roren）组织集团公司（包括分包公司）的结构和功能。我们得出企业采购控制部门的制度化与分包制度的制度化是相互关系的结论（分包公司的分级制度等）。

We examined how the sub-contract system in automobile industry and electrical machinery industry have developed in the 1950' and 1960' in Japan. Focusing on the final assembly maker of the automobile and electrical machinery industry, we studied how the such sub-contract system, that are observed today, have been formed from the 1950's through the 60's. We conducted the following researches.First, we reanalyzed from a new point of view the questionnaire survey regarding the purchase control that the Institute of Social Science at Tokyo University carried out in the 1950's (this data set, we compiled, will be disclosed to academic people).Second, we collected and analyzed the company documents concerning sub-contract management and purchasing management.Third, we interviewed the key persons in charge of the purchasing control in that time not only in the head office but also at the plant.Fourth, we carried but the interview with the key persons of the Materials Control Association and the Value Engineering Association who were in charge of teaching the staff of the purchasing control department in enterprise.Fifth, we studied the structure and function of the Roren, the federation of enterprise unions organizing group companies including the sub-contract companies using questionnaire survey.We reached the conclusions that institutionalization of the purchase control department in enterprise and the institutionalization of the subcontracting system is in reciprocal relationship (the grading system for sub-contract companies etc.).