"Industrial Welfare" and Social-Economic Structure : Japanese Characteristic from the view point of life-course

我们分析了“间接工资”（社会保障成本加附加福利）在劳动力再生产中的作用。我们的研究方法不是用市场导向的理论，而是在社会制度的背景下分析经济问题。通过劳动力成本的国际比较，可以明确日本劳动者的生活方式的特征，即以劳动者所属的公司为主体的社会经济制度的“公司主义”。我们显示了世界范围内老年人生活保障模式的多样性。老年人生活保障的核心主要包括收入、健康和照料。法定机构和志愿机构参与各个领域的工作。它们之间的组合在不同国家和不同年龄段是不同的。我们以日本、法国和德国的案例为例进行研究。本文从实证和理论两方面阐明了法定制度和志愿制度在生命保障模式中的互补作用。实证论述是对法国的养老基金计划，德国的社会保险护理和德国的住房政策。理论话语是关于社会保险和公共政策的。

We analyze the role of "indirect wage" (social security cost plus fringe benefits) in the reproduction of labor force. Our method is not to use the market-oriented theory but to analyze economic problem in the context of social institutions.We show main results of our study below :1. We clarify the Japanese characteristics of worker's way of life with international comparison of labor costs, namely "the company-ism" that means a social-economic system in which the company that workers belong is the main player.2. We show world-wide diversity of mode of life-security of elderly people. The core of life security of elderly people consists mainly of income, health and care. Statutory and voluntary institutions take part in every field. Combination between them is diverse in countries and in ages. We study Japanese, French and German cases as examples.3. We clarify both empirically and theoretically complemental roles of statutory and voluntary institutions in the mode of life-security. Empirical discourse is on French pension fund plan, German social insurance of care and German house policies. Theoretical discourse is on the social insurance and public policy.