Study of Inherent Logic among Changing African Societies

非洲社会变革的内在逻辑研究

• 批准号: 09041064
• 负责人: OHTA Itaru
• 金额: $ 16.06万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09041064/
• 关键词: Africa; Pastoral societies; Social change; Modernization; Inherent logic; Indigenous solution; Market economy; Ethnicity; 市場経済

African pastoralists have developed social and cultural systems which are consistent with their use of livestock for the livelihood. These systems, however, are changing drastically in the process of modernization of African nations under the influence of spreading world capitalism.This study focuses on how pastoral people conceive, interpret and cope with the drastically changing social environment. The study is planned on two hypotheses. The first one is that new complex situations are produced by the process, in which people interpret and counter the changing environment which is mostly triggered by such external influences as implementation of developmental projects, infusion of monetary economy, spread of school education, infiltration of national management and judicial systems, etc. The second hypothesis is that the above process is shaped by two types of logic, one is characteristic and specific to each society, and the other is common to all pastoral societies. On these hypotheses, we concentrated our studies on the commoditization of livestock, diversification of rights to own and use livestock, changes in the sexual division of labor, redefinition of ethnic boundaries, diversification of the ways to cope with such misfortunes as diseases.Our research findings are that people are coping with changing social environment based on an inherent logic which is common to all pastoral societies, and that this logic discord with and run counter to the modern logic which is the basis of external interventions. The characteristics of the inherent logic is, in short, "flexibility/opportunism", which is in striking contrast with the modern logic whose distinctive feature is "regularity/prescription". In order to fully understand pastoral societies in transition, it is an effective measure that we take these contrasting logic into consideration.

非洲牧民发展了与他们以牲畜为生相一致的社会和文化制度。然而，在世界资本主义扩张的影响下，这些制度在非洲国家的现代化进程中发生了巨大的变化，本研究关注的是游牧民族如何看待、解释和科普急剧变化的社会环境。这项研究计划基于两个假设。第一个假设是，在这一过程中，人们对变化的环境进行解释和反制，而这种解释和反制主要是由发展项目的实施、货币经济的注入、学校教育的普及、国家管理和司法系统的渗透等外部影响所引发的。第二个假设是，上述过程是由两种逻辑形成的，一个是每个社会特有的，另一个是所有牧区社会共有的。在这些假设的基础上，我们集中研究了牲畜的商品化、牲畜拥有权和使用权的多样化、性别分工的变化、种族边界的重新界定、科普疾病等不幸的方式的多样化等问题。我们的研究结果是，人们正在根据所有游牧社会共同的内在逻辑来应对不断变化的社会环境，这种逻辑与作为外部干预基础的现代逻辑是不协调和背道而驰的。内在逻辑的特征是“灵活性/机会主义”，与现代逻辑的“规则性/规定性”形成鲜明对比。为了更好地理解转型中的牧区社会，我们必须考虑到这两种对立的逻辑。

项目成果

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Soga,Toru: "The camel exchange system among the Gabra : Patterns and consequences of inheritance"Ethiopia in Broader Perspective, vol. 2. (K. Fukui, E. Kurimoto, and M. Shigeta, eds.). 597-615 (1997)

Soga，Toru：“加布拉人之间的骆驼交换系统：继承的模式和后果”埃塞俄比亚在更广泛的视角，卷。

Soga, T.: "Social ties created by camel trust systems of the Gabra in northern Kenya."African Studies (Ahurika-Kenkyu). 52 (in Japanese with English summary). 29-49 (1998)

Soga, T.：“肯尼亚北部加布拉的骆驼信任系统建立的社会关系。”非洲研究（Ahurika-Kenkyu）。

太田 至: "アフリカ牧畜民社会における開発援助と社会変容"アフリカ農業の諸問題(高村泰雄・重田真義共編)京都大学学術出版会. 287-318 (1998)

Itaru Ota：“非洲牧民社会的发展援助和社会转型”非洲农业问题（高村康夫和重田正芳合编）京都大学学术出版社287-318（1998）。

Kawai, K.: "Indigenous Medical Care : Chamus View of the Body."Tokyo University Press in Japanese. (1998)

Kawai, K.：“本土医疗：Chamus 的身体观”，东京大学出版社，日语。