Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Protein Crystals

该项目已被汇总为以下的结果。（1）日本团队用尼康公司开发了一种超长工作距离的Michelson干涉仪目标透镜（25.5毫米）。使用这种干涉仪，一种新颖的技术，用于确定可靠性得到了开发，以及四角和其他椭圆形激光晶体的可靠性被确定为第一次的温度的一个功能。（2） Japanese team studied magnetic field effects on the crystalliization of lysozyme， and found that a magnetic field （i） increased a growth rate and （ii） decreased a solubility。用于测量磁性双折射的设备已经开发出来。（3）日本团队高纯度商业化酶（99.9%）由美国团队开发的纯化技术。lysozyme crystals的生长过程是由原子力显微镜观察的。它发现了一个较小的不公正性（1%）的低增长率（101）四角水晶的面孔。（4）日本团队开发了一种新颖的技术来衡量不安全内容，并在荧光指标中使用晶体进行分发。“一种新颖的机制，即对水晶的不公正性的吸收被提出。”（5）U.S.A.team analyzed the concentration distribution around growing lysozyme crystals using computer simulation technique。日本团队通过干扰测定法对晶体周围的实际集中分布进行了测量。这两个结果是相互比较的，并找到了他们大多同意的。它发现了一个繁荣驱动的订婚可以停止，当解决方案的紧张程度比150毫米小的时候。（6）日本团队观察集中分布在lg下的lysozyme crystals到micro-g使用免费的fall设施。集中分配中的变化已经被分析出来了。

Results obtained by this project were summarized as below.(1) Japanese team developed a Michelson Interferometer objective lens of super-long working distance (25.5 mm) with Nikon Co. Using this interferometer, a novel technique for determining solubility was developed, and solubilities of tetragonal and orthorhombic lysozyme crystal were detemined as a function of temperature for the first time.(2) Japanese team studied magnetic field effects on the crystallization of lysozyme, and found that a magnetic field (i) increased a growth rate and (ii) decreased a solubility. Equipment to measure magnetic birefringence was developed.(3) Japanese team highly-purified commercial lysozyme (99.9%) by purification technique developed by U.S.A.team. Growthprocess of lysozyme crystals were in situ observed by atomic force microscopy. It was found that small amount of impurity (1%) drastically decreased growth rate of (101) face of tetragonal crystal.(4) Japanese team developed a novel technique to measure impurity content and its distribution in the crystal with a fluorescense indicator. A novel mechanism of the impurity incorporation into the crystal was proposed.(5) U.S.A.team analyzed the concentration distribution around growing lysozyme crystals using computer simulation technique. Japanese team measured the actual concentration distribution around the crystal by interferometry. These two results were compared each other and found that they mostly agreed. It was found that buoyancy driven convection can be stopped when the thickness of the solution is smaller than l50オm.(6) Japanese team observed the concentration distribution around lysozyme crystals under lg to micro-g using free fall facilities. The changes in the concentration distribution were analyzed.