Atmospheric processes over the Tibetan plateau : atmospheric particle surface reaction destroying ozone

从大气化学和气溶胶科学的角度来看，青藏高原是一个非常有趣的地区，因为该地区在夏季经常产生大的强上升流运动，并影响亚太地区的气候和大气环境。在观测活动期间，我们在西藏气象局校园和其他观测点进行了以下观测：1.臭氧探空仪探测对流层臭氧浓度。使用激光雷达的对流层和平流层气溶胶浓度和形状。用气溶胶探测仪探测对流层和平流层气溶胶的浓度和大小4。用电子显微镜和显微红外光谱观测了对流层气溶胶的形状、表面结构、气溶胶的化学元素、颗粒上物质的化学成分。首次揭示了西藏地区对流层和平流层臭氧及气溶胶分布的时空变化。值得注意的是，在这些观测的基础上，在其他观测点气溶胶浓度较低的地方对流层顶附近出现了增强的气溶胶层。一种可能的解释是，在亚洲季风期间，由于高水汽浓度的空气经常从印度洋输送到南亚大陆，气溶胶层是由于含有大量水汽的空气的活跃上升运动所致。观测的初步报告于1999年7月在日本名古屋举行的首届亚洲气溶胶会议上公布。目前的结果表明，对流层顶气溶胶对于研究颗粒物的大气化学效应是非常有价值的。

The Tibetan Plateau is very interesting area from the standing view of atmospheric chemistry and aerosol science since this area frequently produces large strong upwelling motion in summer season and affect climate and atmospheric environment in asia-pacific region. We conduct following observations at the campus of Tibet Meteorological Bureau and other observational sites during the period of observational campaign :1. Tropospheric stratospheric ozone concentration with an ozone sonde2. Tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol concentration and shapes with a lidar3. Tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol concentration and size with an aerosol sonde4. Observation of shape of tropospheric aerosol, surface structure of tropospheric aerosols, chemical element of tropospheric aerosols, chemical composition of materials on the particles with an electron microscope and a microscopic FTIRThose observations firstly revealed temporal spatial changes in tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and aerosol distribution over the Tibetan area. It is worth to note on the basis of those observations that enhanced aerosol layer appeared near the local tropopause where aerosol concentration was low at other observational sites. One possible explanation is that the aerosol layer is due to active upwelling motion of the air containing lots of water vapor since air with high water vapor concentration is frequently transported from the Indian ocean to the southern asian continent during asian monsoon periods.The preliminary report of the measurements was presented in First Asian Aerosol Conference, July 1999, Nagoya, Japan.Detailed analysis of the observational results has been made combining meteorological data, satellite data, and so on. The present results showing the tropopause aerosols are to be very valuable for studies of atmospheric chemical effects of the particulate matter.